VISIT NEPAL 2011 - TOURISM YEAR

Deportees & inadmissible Passenger / Refusal to Transport

2009-12-27T00:21:00.000-08:00

It is the responsibility of the passenger to clear all the government rules and regulations, in case of failure to clear the required formalities, the carrier will refuse to carry the passenger. Sometimes in certain conditions a passenger takes a flight but is refused to enter the country. If he/she is not holding visa or the visa is not valid, or he/she is unable to clear the immigration formalities of the country or in certain grounds, the country refuses entry, the passenger is known as deportee. Deported passengers will be sent back to where he came in from.

* Any charges incurred by the carrier in connection with the passenger's deportation will be collected from the passenger, that is to transport him back to the original point.

* The carrier that participated in carriage to the country of deportation must provide transportation to the extent they participated in the inbound transportation.

* If the passenger is holding a return ticket, the cost of the return transportation will be recovered. The deporting carrier will withdraw any unused coupons of the passenger's ticket and their values will be recalculated and will be adjusted to the amount to be paid to the new ticket.

* If the passenger is not holding a return ticket, the outbound carrier will ticket the passenger and inform all connection carriers. It is the responsibility of the delivering carrier to collect any dues and unpaid money from the passenger.

* If the delivering carrier is unable to collect any dues, the cost of the outbound journey and any other expenses will be prorated amongst all carriers that participated in the inbound journey.

Inadmissible Passenger/ Refusal to Transport

In case of the following conditions, a carrier may refuse to carry the passenger even if he has paid for it:

* Passengers who are not in possession of a valid ticket.

* Passenger whose transportation by air represents a danger or risk to themselves and /or their fellow travellers or to property.

* Passenger who show visible signs of disease and who, by their apperance, behaviour or kind of nursing required , are likely to cause distress to other passengers.

* Passengers requiring individual nursing or care during the flight and who are not accompanied by attendants.

* Persons obviously under the influence of alcohol, drugs or narcotics.

Air Fare

2009-12-25T03:48:00.000-08:00

Air fare or the rate is the fixed price a passenger is supposed to pay to fly from one destination to another destination in a certain airlines in a certain class of service at a particular date. The fares, rates or charges are quoted in per passenger and apply to air carriage over the route by participating airlines from the airport at the point of origin to the point of destination. Air fare normally does not include ground transfer and tax. Air fare is known as air tariff. Tariff is the price to be paid for the services provided. As air lines are providing the service of transportation and as the tourism is service industry, the world tariff is commonly used for the rate or cost to be paid.

General Rules
The airlines are selling special product. Product means the services or goods or commodity which are ready to sale and which satisfies the need of a customer. To sale the commodity the producer or seller must have fixed the price. Fixing of the price is necessary when it is ready to sale. In airlines industry product is the air space and the production is to publish the schedules.
Every airlines has its own rules and regulations and fare conditions, which they will publish accordingly. The same way every country has its rules and regulations. The rule of a country is applicable within the territory of the country and the rule published by an airline is applicable to the airlines only. If the journey is limited within one country by only one airline it will be very easy to rifer and follow particular rules and regulations. But international travel involves more than two countries and may travel involve more than two airlines. So IATA publishes the rules and regulations applicable to their member countries and airlines. Certain rules and regulations regarding the airlines tariffs and rates are given below:

1 . Air Tariff are quoted in per person.
2. It is non-transferable.
3. Non re-routable
4. Partial consumption.
5. Application of tariff.
6. Change of rules and fares.
7 . The date of effectiveness.
8. Children's allowance.
9. Infants

Travel Planning

2009-12-25T03:32:00.000-08:00

A travel itinerary is a type of program. The written document as an itinerary contains the point of origin and destination, timetable , name of the carrier and flight number and the status like whether the flight is confirmed or is still waitlisted, etc. An itinerary also includes the related descriptions such as, routing , schedule , alternative available, etc. Program is a raw materials and itinerary is the final product ready for sale. As such, an itinerary is the final product ready for sale. As such, an itinerary is a tourism product of a travel agency or of the airlines.

A travel itinerary may include the program of one airlines or it may sell the whole travel line as a single product. It may be made of only one sector or it may be made of 4 As.

1. Duration , date and time of the tour : A travel agent or the airlines must consider the duration of the tour of a particular customer. The itinerary depends on when a client wants to fly to the destination and whether he is running or not and when if he is returning. It must be advised how many days the tour requires.

2. Interest :- The prepared itinerary should be based on the customer's choice. He may prefer one airlines to another and one time to another, one connection to another connection, one

route to another route. So, it is advised to consult the customer about his choice and interest.

3. Season :- Certain flights are more interesting in one season, one time of the day than others. Certain flights are possible only at a certain time of the day or month. So, while preparing the itinerary, consider whether the flight to the particular sector is possible or not.

4. Budget :-Itinerary is based on the budget of the customer. Certain flights or airlines are more expensive to others. The same destination could be visited by different airlines in different prices. At the same time, the same airlines are selling different classes of service. Determine the choice of the customer in which airlines and types of service.

5. Origin and Destination :- While preparing the itinerary, determine the city of origin and destination. Consider the possibilities of different airport/city and flights. Find out the name of the city/airport, whether the desired destination is possible to reach by flight or not.

6. Operation of Airlines: Find out whether the required airline is flying to the desired destination or not. If one airline is not possible, determine a combination of different airlines.

7. Schedule : Find out the timetable of the desired airlines to the destination and find out whether published time is suitable to the client or not.

Passenger Air Tariff

2009-12-25T03:27:00.001-08:00

IATA and its participating airlines publish its rules regulations and fare every month.It was published as Air Passenger Tariff then it published as Air Tariff and now it is publishedas Passenger Air Tariff (PAT). It includes rules and regulations and fares of IATA member countries.It is similar to OAG Flight Guide Book. PAT provides information related to rate, tariff rulesand tariffs. PAT is revised and published every month on the basis of information supplied by the member airlinesto IATA. PAT publication department receives information from IATA. PAT publication department receives information fromIATA information bank. Five airlines- Air Canada, British Airways, Japan Airlines, Qantas Airways, Trans World Airlines, and SITA- Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautiques are involved in publishing the manual. More than 118 member airlinesfrom 80 countries provide information to the database of IATA. It is published every month in two volumes, one for Eastern Hemisphereand other for Western Hemisphere. The monthly publication (Feb,Mar,May,Jun,Aug,Sept,Nov and Dec) includes fares, add-ons and routings. Everythree month issue (Jan, Apr, Jul and Oct) includes all the information of the monthly issue plus Fare Rules, General Rules. Fare Construction Rules,Taxes, Currency Rules, Ticketed Point, Mileage, Encode/Decode sections for country, city, state/province and Airline Codes.It is advised to refer monthly publication (Feb,Mar,May,Jun,Aug,Sep, Nov,Dec) in conjunction with quarterly book(Apr,Jul,Oct,Jan) and General Rule Bookland Maximum Permitted Mileage(to construct unpublished fares). Maximum Permitted Mileage for use in constructing unpublished fares is issued only once a yearthat is in April.PAT provides information in respect to1. Currency Conversion Rates: This section lists the name of the countries their currencies and conservation rate. In PAT tariff are published in NUC (Neutral UNit Of Currency) and in localcurrency, which may require to be changed in Dollar or into internationally accepted currency.This table will help to converted one currency into other by the help of IATA Rate of Exchange(IROE).2. How to Use: This section will introduce how to use the Passenger Air Tariff. It explain how dates, countries, rules are listed.3. Fare Class/Type Codes: This section will inform about the codes assigned to the seasons, fareclass and Fare and Passenger Type Codes and Global Indicator.

OAG flight Guide Supplement

2009-12-25T03:26:00.001-08:00

OAG Flight Guide publishes a supplement quarterly to provide the information may required to knowto travel certain country.It provides information related to passport, visa rules and regulation of the countries. It is published by a division of Red Business Information as a supplement to OAGFlight Guide Book. This supplement includes information about the country, health information,visa/passport formalities and other related information may require to travel. It contains different sections such as:* Country Code* currency codes* Airport & City Codes* Baggage Allowance* Frequent Flyers - the special facilities offered by different airlines to its regular customers.The facilities include mileage, hotel, car rental facilites.* Airlines Clubs - The address of the different airlines clubs, their address, fees and benefits, admit,etcoffered by the airlines clubs.* Frequent Lodges - The facilities provided by different lodges/hotels to its regular customer.* Frequent Renters - The facilities offered by rental companies to its regular customer.* Health Information - The health information also includes World Health Map.* World Map.* Airport Diagrams - the airport lay out.* Aircraft Seating Plans* General Information - This is the main objective of this manual. This section provides information aboutthe country in alphabetical order. It contains the location, capital, language, currency, business/ social hints,public holiday, climate, health, Passport and visa, custom facilities. It also includes theinformation about the airport such as Airport tax, location, facilities available at the airport, etc.

OAG Flight Guide

2009-12-25T03:21:00.000-08:00

OAG Flight Guide : Reed Travel Group Ltd. of Great Britain publishes OAG Flight Guide every month. It is the completeguide to air travel.In this guidebook the infomation related to air travel are listed in alphabeticalorder and in a systematic sequence. It is believed that it contains each and every information relatedto airlines, airport and their timetables/schedules. Earlier it used to be called ABC Guide, and how a itis published as OAG Flight Guide. Sometimes it may be published in one volume but mostly publishedin two volumes. It it is published in two volumes, the first part is popularly known as BlueABC or OAG and 2nd part being red in color known as RED ABC or RED OAG. The 1st Part will containthe information regarding the airlines, city codes, airlines code, City to City Schedules of the cities fromA to M alphabetically. The 2nd part contained the information related to City to City Schedules from N to Z and some information related to fare. Those two volumes together comprised total information of flight schedules.The system of coding and decoding was developed even before the modern computerized communication system was developed. Moderncommunication system also follows the same system. To handle travel matters through computerized network one should have basicunderstading of the system that is in The OAG Book.

Information sources , Source of information

2009-12-20T02:33:00.000-08:00

The required information can be drawn from different sources. Some information can be directly related to travel while others are not directly related but play a vital role. Political news, festivals, fairs, visits of the head of the states to a certain country,etc. are not directly related to travel business but it effects the industry. It will affect the demand of the airlines seats. These news gives the idea about the pressure on air space, traffic problems, security systems etc. Similarly, weather report gives you the idea of flight operation in the mountain regions; festivals, special activities, etc will give you some idea on flight operation.

Travel agent or airlines staff need to maintain the record of travel information. The information are necessary for government formalities, for the airlines and for the customers. The information can be categorized in the following ways:

* Governmental requirement - Under this group we collect all the information as per the government rules. They are necessary information related to government rules and regulations such as passport, visa, health documents, airport tax, etc.

* Airlines requirement - A staff needs to collect the information related to airlines such as flight schedules, tariff, rules and regulation published by the airlines, promotional policies, etc. we need to keep a record of reservation requests made to certain airlines and states, TTL, PNR etc.

* Personal requirement - Under this heading information related to guests are recorded. Their booking, requirement, need, contact address, bill etc.

1. Informal or related information - The sources of informal information are news papers, magazines , government law and regulations. The government of the country will issue rules and regulations regarding passport, visa, immigrations, airport tax etc.

2. Formal information is published by airlines or by international associations. They are the time table, news letters, electronic media, OAG World Airways Guide, PAT.

3. Computer Automated Systerm - This is the system that provides the travel information through the help of computer. A special network has been developed to provide all the travel related information. BY the help of this system one can get the information about the country, visa and passport rules, airport tax, health regulation etc. One can get the information of availability of space or non-availability and as well as reserve the seat. They are ; Computer Reservation System (CRS) and Airlines Reservation System (ARS).

Special Feature of the Travel Product

2009-12-20T02:08:00.000-08:00

The seats are the product of an airlines. To sell the seats, an airlines publishes its schedule. Some airlines may combine accommodation and destinations with airlines seats and sell as a package tour. Certain air tickets include hotel accommodation also. Their main target is to sell te seat. For this purpose, they may add different attractions with air space. The following special features of the travel products have made the subjects more complicated.

1. A travel product, that is airlines seats is non-transferable. If you reserve an airlines seat for a passenger, he and only he is entitled to travel on it.

2. Date and sectors are non-changeable unless it is approved and endorsed with the concerned airlines.

3. The product is non-storable. It has to be consumed/sold before the actual production starts. Once the aircraft takes - off the air, seats cannot be sold or stored. Half consumption or return from half way is not possible.

4. Producing of the travel product is publishing the schedule. Flight schedules are the production of the airlines seats. They have to be sold within a limited time. Once schedules are published, the flights should take-off. An airline cannot increase or decrease the production of his product once a schedules is published. To increase or decrease the production , it must get approval from the concerned authority.

Dealing with travel documents

2009-12-20T02:04:00.000-08:00

In the travel industry, there are different types of documents used between the airlines. These documentsare acceptable to the member airlines. The concerned autority monitors their formats, disign, rules and regulation and writing process. Where as IATA has developed standard format to its member airlines.The basic objectives of these documents are to facilitate the customers and to promote the travelindustry. They help for money transaction, communication, saves communication expresses. Mostpopular documents used between the airlines are Prepaid Ticket Advise (PTA ) and Miscellaneous Charge Order(MCO).

PTA (Prepaid Ticket Advise): Prepaid Ticket Advise (PTA) is a document used in the travel industry. It is not an air ticket butis a request made by one carrier to another to issue a ticket. IT is issued on receiving the paymentfrom the customer.The PTA may be issued to cover air fares, taxes, excess baggage charges and cashadvance to cover en route expenses. It cannot be used for money transfer.

MCO ( Miscellaneous Charge Order): The Miscellaneous Charge Order(MCO) is a request form. It is issued by an agency to anotherto provide the services on behalf of him. It is similar to a service order used in travel agencies.It is issued to cover the services, such as excess baggage, hotel accomodation, taxes, refund of the balances, collection for PTA and charges to be collected for service.MCO is a legal document or legal proof that the passenger is entitled to receive the services.The MCO is made of 1,2,3 or 4 coupons. In every type, it contains a jacket, exchange coupons, auditcoupons and a passenger coupon.

Tips of Travel information

2009-12-20T02:02:00.000-08:00

1.The most important aspects of information is motivation. The best and impressive information motivates people to buy the product
2. Proper and correct information will eliminate the chances of future misunderstanding
3. The product an airline is selling is very complex because of its multi-faceted activities, which together product the "tourist product".Airlines are selling seat only or it may join with a hotel,and or with tour,and or other service industries. It is also complex because,various sub-sectors of this product are in themselves a complete industries. Hotel, tour or different centers of attraction independently or jointly sell their product. So,there are always chance of misunderstanding between customer and seller.
4. Tourism is a service industry and is directly related to satisfaction and human behavior. As such, it is most complicated subject to deal with.
5. Each of the components of tourism is supplied by individual provides of services like hotels,airlines or other suppliers . A consumtor can combine these individual products through a large number of ways. There can be many possible destination, each with a number of potential choice facing the consumer is very large . It can be sold as a package by the airlines or assembled by the tourist himself or by the travel agent .in tourism,it is most important to let the customers know how each of the components are joined and what the limitations of each of the service agency are.

Travel information, importance of information in travel

2009-12-20T01:59:00.000-08:00

It is well-known fact that travel and tourism industry is based on information. Many people pefer to define tourism as channels of information. Actually a travel agency,as a middleman sells nothing but information. The information in the tourism industry is somewhat different than other industries . It is a service industry where we are dealing in non-transferable items,sometimes non-tangible product and it is a non storeable item. It is well known that in tourism,information has to to be provided first at the time of sales and the second time of consumption motivates the customers to purchases the product. the information provided the second time is related to making them understand how to use tHE Commodity. Many times in tourism,a travel agent as a middleman sells what he does not own. A seller and service providing agencies are different .So proper and right information is most inmportant subject in this industry.

The information has to be provided at the market.Market is defined as "where buyers and sellers meet together". Being the special feature of tourism,market buying and selling is done in a different way than other consumer products. In travel ,selling an airlines product,that is airlinesseats,is done there where the customer is done later.So,a travel agent must be informative about the product he is selling.

Do's And Don'ts

2009-11-17T03:38:00.000-08:00

Tourists coming to Nepal are naturally from different societies,different geographical locations, different culture, different political environment,different religions,different ethnic background etc. They are not familiar with our customs and traditions. In such a context,whenever they enter our society,they may find many things unfamiliar or unacceptable.The things and behaviors that are all right to us may be peculiar to them or vice versa.So you are expected to inform them about the society they are visiting.
*In oriental countries,especially Nepali people will not let you know of their displeasure.They are a more reserved type of people.Their disliking are expressed as disliking,contact,willingness to serve and honor.By respecting the Nepali people and their customs in positive ways will get you more respect in return.

*Nepal is a complex social mosiac,with Hindu and Buddhist traditions overlapping Animist and Shanamistic beliefs.Their respect to each other and acceptance of co existence has knitted the social fabric together throughout the centuries.Do not try to divide,separate and differentiate them.You need only to observe what Nepalies around you are doing and act accordingly.

Dress

*The dress code for men is as important as that for women.It is advised to weare socially accepted dress.It should not give cultural shock to the host society.

Security

*"Why do you rob banks willy?""That's where the money is"Do not expose and show-off your prosperity.Do not display large sums of money.Carry only the equipment you except to use.

*Lock your bags,whenever possible.Try to have all your belongings inside your pack and keep the pockets done up with small items buried inside the luggage.Do not let people get tempted.

*Do not leave bags and belonging in crowded areas.Be watchful.
Other Concerns

*Treat your porters with respect.Make sure that they are well equipped and with sufficient food.

*Trekkers often like to relax in Hot Springs or swim in rivers or lakes.While doing so,women should not bare their breasts.Men may go bare-chested while swimming or bathing,but not at other times.

*There are many good locally made craft items in certain areas.Purchasing these at the going prices is certainly beneficial to the local economy.

*Do not give money or items to the people who have not done special favors to you.

*Respect people's desire not to be photographed.

*The freely available marijuana and hasis attract some foreigners.The plant grows as weed.Buying and selling and consumption of such items is illegal.So,be discreet in the use of marijuana.

*One should not accept as gifts or buy objects or art,manuscripts,images etc,which have antique value.These need to stay here for future visitors.Whether something is antique or not can be established by the Department of Archeology.

*Entry to most temples is restricted to foreigners. So,you should confirm with local people and watch signboards.

Bargaining

Bargaining is almost 'universal'in Asia.It is like a game.You are expected to bargain but not at the cost of friendship.

*Once a price is agreed upon,it is "fixed".

*Bargaining takes time.So be leisurely and relaxed.

*Calculate the monetary value of the amount in dispute.Sometimes it may just be few cents and worth the haggle for something.

*Prices of certain items are fixed,such as food,and bargaining is not appropriate.

Eating

*Nepalies are concerned about ritual pollution of food when it is touched by an outsider.As a foreigner,you are an outsider.Thus,do not touch any cooked food though it is usually all right to handle uncooked food such as fruit and raw vegetables.

*While drinking from a container avoid touching your lip to it;pour the liquid into your mouth.

*Wait for food to be served to you rather than helping yourself.

*Do not give leftovers to the hosts,even though it may be rare delicacies.Do not offer anything from your plate if you have taken a bite.This is "Jutho"-contaminated for others-if any food is touched by the lips,the food,glass,bottle,entire plate si contaminated.The utensils must be washed before anyone else uses them.All leftovers food or drink must either be thrown away or fed to animals.Hence,do not accept more than you can eat.

*Do not touch food with your left hand.Give and eceive items wiht your right hand.To receive to two hands is to show respect.

Customs

*The fire and hearth are considered sacred.Thus,do not throw any refuse into a hearth.

*Shoes are considered as most degrading objects,so keep them on the floor or ground.Shoes,especially leather ones should always be removed before entering any kind of temple,gompa or monastery and before entering a Nepali home.If you are in doubt,follow the example of your host.Do nto touch anyone with your shoes.The greatest insult is to kick him or her with your shoes.

*The head of an adult Nepali is the mos sacred or ritually clean part of the body.You should never touch it.Similarly,do not touch any one wiht your left hand.

*While sitting do not point the sole of your feet at any one.

*Nepalese do not step over your legs and feet.Be sure to draw them up to make a path for anyone coming or going.The same way,do not step over anybody.

*Gurada,lions or lotus carved stones on the pavement or slightly recessed square pit usually marks the front of the shrines or the image of the carriers of the deity may be seen.These define the territory of the shrine.

*Leather products such as belts,jackets,shoe and bags are prohibited in most religious places.please leave them outside.

*While travelling,you may pass Buddhist mani-walls,stupas,chorten,temples or religious places or objects.keep them on your right as a sign of respect.

Begging and Dealing with Children

*Trekkers may sometimes encounter beggars. There are few traditional beggars such as Gaine-a special cast or group of families who travel around singing and begging; Sadhus or holy men-who have left families,personal properties and materialistic attachments.They travel and beg as part of their life style.Note the actions of the Nepali around you when deciding whether to give and how much to give.

*Nepalese have had good dental hygiene in the past due to low consumption of sugar.Do not work against this by giving candy.

*Do not encourage smoking by handing out cigarettes,especially to children.

*Do not encourage children to beg.Help the Nepalese to maintain their self-respect.

Campsite, Campsite Selection

2009-11-17T03:36:00.000-08:00

Campers are the tourists who prefer outdoor activities.They prefer to stay in open-air hotels.They move from place to place.Some of them are well equiped with camping facilities like a moving hotel.For this purpose,camping vans and buses are also popular.Others stay in the developed campsites.Such campsites are developed by private organizations or by Government or by local authority.They prefer to camp near the sea or lake.Mud,swamp,and low and humid alluvial deposits do not attract the campers.In forests,campers will prefer a location either on the edge of the forest or in a cleaning. In Nepal,camping sites are required for trekking and for multi day rafting.Trekking is moving from spot to stop and from on mountain village to another.So,trekking needs camping facilities.With the growth of trekking business and increase in the number of participants,there is always the need ofr camping sites.Camping sites ae developed along the trkking trails and teahouses or local lodges have been developed alone the substitute the camps.Teahouses are well developed in three treikking regions; Annapurna, Langtang and Everest where we could operate Teahouse Trek. In a camping trek,which is known as a fully supported trek,each and every thing required for camping would be carried by the porters along the trekkers. Factors Affecting Locationsa.Physical Factor:While selecting a location for a camping ground,certain physical factors have to be taken into consideration.The ground must be firm,fairly level,without sharp rocks,no risky areas or objects around.Guests prefer the best view point but it may have some other negative aspects such as risk of thunderstorms.Considre the preciling climatic conditions and there should be protection from the wind.The surrounding vegetation besides being pleasing to the eye should provide adequate but not excessive shade.The site should have water facility.b.Economic Factor:Careful study of the cost involved or will involve in camping should be made.Labour and management costs will vary from one region to another.The cost of local or regional camping fee must be calculated. The best campsites are the ones that have minimum diverse impact onthe fragile environment of the mountain.Some basic guide lines have been suggested to minimize the negative impact on environment.

*Select sensible and eco-friendly campsites as well as introduce various camping gears.

*Develop basis of waste management and distinguish and separate biodegradable and non-biodegradable litter.

*Understand the importance of sanitation and proper disposal of toilet tents.

*Familiarize with proper health and hygiene practices.Symbolic relationship between health and environment.

*Introduce hygiene kitchen.

*Proper drinking water treatment and the importance of clean and dry hands and towels.

*Leave your camping site cleaner than when you arrived. Litter is a hazardous pollutant.Burnable itmes like paper,cardboard,should be burned on site.Biodgradable such as food waste should be buried,and non-disposable items such as plastics,aluminum foil,batteries,glass,cans should be packed and carried to a suitable waste treatment site.Villagers often collect empty containers for reuse in their homes.You may give bottles or jars to adults but do not leave them behind at campsite and do not give them to children.Raft guides should organize a sweep of the beach before departure each day.

*There should be a toilet tent in every trip.Toilet pits should be dug well away from camp.Toilets should be located at least 50 meters way from any water source.Holes for pits should be dug at least 18 inches deep.Sprinkle dirt in the hole after each use to keep the flies away and recover the pit with dirt before the group leaves the camp.A bag should be provided in the tent to collect the used toilet paper.This used paper should be collected and burned on site.

*Make sure that every trip should use an alternative fuel source for cooking such as kersene or gas.Firewood should never be bought from villages.

*Use iodine or other means of sanitation instead of bottled mineral water.

Personal Items to be Brought By Clients

2009-11-17T03:31:00.000-08:00

The list of items given below gives a general idea of the personal items to be brought by a trekker to trek in Nepal. Actually,the personal items are of individual interest,choice and the luxury he wants to enjoy and the most important fact he must consider is the time of the year,trekking days,region and altitude.Trekking agencies will organize a pre-departure briefing to their clients.

Foot wear

*Hiking boots with some ankle support.

*Training type shoes.

*Flip-flop or slippers for use around the camp.

Clothes

*Cotton shirts, T-shorts, jeans, etc.for day use.

*Socks and underwear-4/5 which can be easily washed and dried on daily basis.

*Trekking suits,light sweater,a wind proof jacket or lightly padded jacket,down jacket.

*Umbrella,sun hat,waterproof gear.
In a supported trek,porters carry heavy personnel items and clients are required to carry minimum items only.They carry what they might need during the daytime. So,they are briefed to pack their items in two different bags. In day pack In duffel bag Sun glasses Towels Moisturing lotion Torch/flash light Camera and spare films Spare batteries Water bottle Washing soup Trek permit/conservation Needle and thread Toilet paper Spare clothes

Altitude ILLness

2009-11-17T03:27:00.000-08:00

The illness caused by high altitude is altitude illness.The general symptoms fo this illness are nausea,loss of appetite,sleep disturbance,shortness of breath,etc.The problem with altitude can affect any one,even at as low as 8000 ft (2450 m). In general,trekkers going quickly to higher altitudes are more likely to be affected.Two-thirds of the trekkers going to altitudes of 14,000-ft (4200m).or above will feel some symptoms.Those who hike up get fewer problems than those who fly up. Altitude illness can be prevented by acclimatization.The body will adjust automatically to gradual rate fo ascent by allowing sufficient rest at various intermediate altitudes.It is a totally preventable problem.The acclimatization varies greatly from individual to individual and even differs at different times in the same individual.A person who has already climbed a 8000m mountain may have difficulties at lower altitudes from ascending too rapidly. A large fluid intake to ensure good hydration is a factor that helps in acclimatization.Four liters or more a day of liquid is usually necessary.Urine volume should always exceed one liter.The urine color should be almost clear.Strong yellow color indicates that more fluid should be taken.One sign of adaption to altitude is a good natural amount of urine.If this is not found,one should be cautious. Alcoholic drinks should be avoided by dehydrated people.At high,altitude everyone should avoid it. Proper nutrition is another factor in acclimatization.Caloric intake should be maintained and the diet should be high in carbohydrates.A good appetite is a sign of acclimatization.Excessive salt intake should be avoided. Rest is also equally important for acclimatization.One should avoid carrying unnecessary load and going up too fast that makes you step due to breathlessness and pounding heart. Forced long and deep breathing reduces the mild symptoms of altitude illness.But doing so in excess may produce hyperventilation syndrome,in which shortness of breath,dizziness and numbness are present. The drug Diamox,has been recommended by some people to cope with altitude illness.The dose is 250mg.twice a day.It should be taken from two days before the trek begins and continued for three days.But this drug is not recommended because it has side effects.It may increase urine output,and some may feel numbness and tingling.The most important fact to be noticed is the false sense of security,which may lead to fatal accidents.The drug only prevents certains symptoms which will mislead,but does not prevent the serious life threatening ones. Mild symptoms of altitude illness

*Nausea.

*Loss of appetite.

*Mild shortness of breath with exertion.

*Sleep disturbance.

*Breathing irregularity,usually during sleep.

*Dizzness or light head aces.

*Mild weakness.

* Slight swelling of hands and face.

As long as the symptoms remain mild,and are only a nuisance.ascent at a modest rate can be continued.If several of the mild symptoms are present and the trekker is feeling quite uncomfortable,ascent should be halted and the victim should be observed closely.If there is no improvement after a few hours,or after a night's rest,we should descent on foot until the symptoms are relieved. Serious Symptoms of Altitude Illness

*shortness of breath and rapid breathing even after resting-twenty five or more inhalations and exhalations per minute.

*Severe coughing.

*Coughing off pinkish or rust-colored sputum.

*Rapid heart beat even after resting-110 or more beats per minute.

*Blueness of face and lips.

*Low urine output-less than a print(500ml)daily.

*President vomiting.

*Severe headache.

*Fatigue/tiredness.

*Delirum,confusion and coma.

*Loss of coordination.
If anyone in your party develops any of these symptoms,he should be descended "IMMEDIATELY"There are three rules for the treatment of altitude illness-descent,descent,descent.The victim should be kept warm and given oxygen if available.

Operational Guide Lines

2009-11-17T03:19:00.000-08:00

Tourists are coming from different societies,cultures and religions.So,they are not familiar with our customs and traditions.In such contest they must be well informed.So,they will be helpful in protecting our man made and natural environment.Trekking agencies are required to organize a pre-departure briefing.In this meeting,the agency should inform them on the following subjects:

*Environmental guide lines:both man made and natural.

*Camp security management.

*How trekking is going to be organized.

*Trekking route and route map.

*Emergency evacuation procedure.

*Personal belongings they should carry and optional they may carry.

*They must not encourage children to beg.It might give them momentary satisfaction but the begging children also turn into professional beggars tomorrow.

*Respect the villagers and their traditions,prevailing rules and regulation.In turn,they will be given warm hospitality.

*Never buy any wildlife trophies or animal products from the local poachers.It is against the law of the land.

National parks : Flora and fauna are fully protected and must not be disturbed.Do not collect any wildlife flowers,plants,fossils,orchids,rocks,etc.unless you have the permission from the concerned office even for scientific research;

*Firewood collection is strictly prohibited.

*Campers should be self sufficient in fuel.

*Beer bottles are strictly prohibited.

*Rubbish must be buried or disposed in a refuse pit.

*Mountain bikes or motor are prohibited inside the park.

*It is a legal to climb any peaks above 6,000m without permit from Nepal Mountaineering Association.

*Avoid collecting and purchasing of wild animal parts as it is illegal.

Porters : The foreigners have mentioned that "if the porters were an Olympic endurance weight lifting event.The Nepali porters would win all the medals"IPPG(International Porter Protraction Group)advice to celebrate and admire these incredible athletes of the mountains.Watch them in action,appreciate the balance,strength and of course their good nature. The IPPG has recommended the following guidelines:

*That adequate clothing be available for protection in bad weather and at altitude.

*That trekkers provide the same standard of medical care for themselves. *The sick porter never be sent off because of illness without informing the trekking members.

*The sick porter never be sent down alone.He must be provided sufficient funds to cover the cost of his return and treatment.

Environmnets : Both the government and the private sector are working hard for increasing the volume of tourism.With the increase of visitors along the trekking trails,there is the increasing degradation of the environmental condition of the trekking trails and in the Himalayan regions.The environmental degression of the Himalayas has become one of the major areas of concern.Different organizations,such as Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation,KEEP,WWF Nepal Programe,King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation,National Parks,Trekking Agents Association Of Nepal(TAAN)are making every effort towards the preservation and protection of the environment.TAAN has been conducting Eco-trekking workshop every year with the help of different organizations.The workshop provides trainings and awareness in conservation techniques for field staff,office managers and owners of trekking agencies. The workshop highligts the following subjects:High Altitude Sickness,Campsite and Waste Management,Saving Fuel wood or Alternative Fuel,Natural and Cultural Heritage,Recycling of Revenue,First Aid,Health and Sanitation and Map Reading etc.The workshops hope to overcome the problems and take precautions.4th TAAN National Eco-trekking Workshop resolution 2000 has set up some guidelines for the trekking agencies.

*Carry enough kerosene or fuel for your cooking. Never buy fire wood from the villagers. It will encourage villagers to cut down more trees and stock them unnecessarily.

*Discourage the use of campfires.If you really need one,collect dead branches and twigs from ground. Be sure that the fire is out and the refuse is buried before leaving the campsite. Please remember that these dead branches may save a tree from the villagers.

*Shooting wildlife and fishing without license is strictly prohibited.

*Always camp at the prescribed sites.It there is no arrangements as such,then camp on open ground or on the bank of a river.Do not camp inside a bush cutting away branches of trees.

*Never pollute the clear mountain water or litter the path with cigarette butts,tin cans,toilet papers,etc.Please bury them.

*Give orientation on Eco-friendly trekking to all staff and its members.

*Leave all campsites with minimum impact.

*Use toilet tent at least 20m away from water source.

*Bring back all the non-biodegradable items at the en of the trek.

*Develop campsite and encourage the use of old campsites as far as possible. Staff:

*Brief staff on practise of proper sanitation and hygienic methods.

*Provide adequate orientation on High Altitude Sickness,mountain safety as well as HIV/AIDS to all staff.

*Customize First Aid kits on each trek.

*Provide adequate clothing,shelter,equipment and compulsory insurance coverage for staff and porters.
Advice to hill trekkersIf you go hill-walking -leave yourself plenty of time. -carry some food with you. -listen to the weather forecast before you start out . -wear suitable clothing and boots. -take a map and compass. -idelly,go in a group,never alone. -Tell somebody where you are going . -Wear bright-colored clothes.

Tourist Places, Attractions

2009-11-12T23:31:00.000-08:00

Given below are some of the tourist spots and activities available now in Nepal.

Cultural Tour

*Kathmandu Durbar Square

*Swayambhunath

*Bouddhanath

*Pashupatinath

*Godavari

*Boudhanilkantha

*Sundarijal

*Sankhu

*Dackhhin-Kali and or furping

*Kritipur and or Chovar *Patan Durbar Square

*Bajra-Barahi

*Khokana,Karya Binayk and Bungamati

*Bhaktapur City

*Changunarayan

*Panauti

*Namabouddha

*Jamacho(Nagarjuna)

Mountain view points

-Nagarkot

-Phulchoki

-Dhulikhel

-Kakani

-Daman

*Tansen-palpa

*Gorkha,Manakamana

*Illam

*Dolakha

*Nuwakot

*Palanchok

*Pokhara Phewa tal&Bharahi Temple

Sarangkot

World Peace Pagoda

Davi's Fall

Old Bazar & Bindya Basami temple

Gupteshwor Gufa

Mahendra Gufa

Tibetan Village

Begnas & Rupa lake

Other activities-paragliding,pony trek trekking ,/hiking,rafting,mountain biking.

Pilgrimage Tours

*Kathmandu,Patan,Bhaktapur Durbar Squares and the three naths and many religious places.

*swargadwari

*Lumbini

*Janakpur

*Muktinath

*Gosaikunda

*Triveni/Devi Ghat

*Baraha kshetra

Jungle Safari Tours:

Visiting national parks and wild life parks:

*Chitwan

*Bardia National

*Suklaphanta

*Kosi Tappu

Chitawan (Inside National Park)

* Machan Wildlife Camp

* Chitawan Wildlife Camp

* Gaida Wildlife Camp (located in the buffer zone)

* Tiger Tops Jungle Lodge and Tented Camp

* Island Camp * Temple Tiger

Outside the Chitwan National Parks

* Tiger Camp

* Hermitage

* Rhino Camp

* Jungle Lagoon

Bardia National Park

Tiger Tops Karnali Lodge

Forest Hideway

Rhino Lodge

Sukla Phanta WildlifeCamp - Sukla Phanta

Transport, Flight and Activities

2009-11-12T22:45:00.000-08:00

Road - Private Car, A/C Private Car

Bus - Public Bus, Tourist Bus, A/C Tourist Bus

Mt. Biking

*Trekking

Annapurna Region - 3 days to 35 days

Langtang Region - 7 days to 16 days

Everest Region - 10 days to 28 days

Kathmandu Valley - 1 day to 7 days

Off the beaten track - 1/28 days

*Mountaineering
33 mountains are open for trekking

* Rafting and Kayaking
Trisuli - 1 to 5 days

Karnali - 11/ 12 days

Bheri - 4 days

Kali - 3 days

Seti - 2 days

Marshyangdi - 4 to 5 days

Sunkoshi - 8/9 days

Bhote Koshi - 1 to 2 days

Arun - 7 days

Tamor - 11 days

Mahakali - 3/4 days

* Other Activities
Mt. Biking - Day trip to 15 days

Hot Air Ballooning - Half-day tour

Bungee Jumping - Day trip or overnight - Last Resort

Canyoning - Day trip or overnight Borderland Resort

Transport - Car/bus/train reservation/flight reservation

Village Tourism - Shiru Bari, Syangja

Flight charter and Mt. Flights.

Accommodation

2009-11-12T22:07:00.000-08:00

Accommodation
Given below are some of the hotels lists
Kathmandu
Hotel Soaltee Crown Plaza (5 stars) - Kalimati

Yak & Yeti (5 stars) - Durbar Marg

Everest Hotel (5 stars) - New Baneshwsor

Hotel De'l Annapurna (5 stars) - Durbar Marg

Hotel Radisson (5 stars) - Lazimpat

Hotel Hyatt Regency (5 stars) - Bouddha

Hotel Himalaya (5 stars) - Kupondol

Hotel Malla (4 stars) - Lainchour

Hotel Shangrila (4 stars) - Lazimpat

Hotel Vaisali ( 4 stars) - Thamel

Shankar Hotel (4 stars) - Thamel

Hotel Manang (3 stars) - Thamel

Hotel Marshyangdi ( 3 stars) - Thamel

Hotel Garden (3 stars) - Nayabazar

Tibet Guest House (2 stars) - Thamel

Norbulinkha (2 stars) - Thamel

Pokhara

Phulbari Resort

Pokhara Prince

New Crystal, Fishtail Lodge, Kantipur

Mt.Annapurna Base Camp

Mums Garden Resort

Tiger Mountain Village Resort

Nagarkot

Club Himalayan

The Fort

Galaxy

Mountain Villa

Dhulikhel

Dhulikhel Mountain Resort

Dhulikhel Lodge Resort

Arniko Room

*Resorts / Hotels

Gorkha Key Men - Gorkha

Gorkha Bisaune - Gorkha

Bhakatapur Guest House - Bhakatapur

Diyalo - Birgunj

Samjhana - Birgunj

Hokkey Hotel - Lumbini

Lumbini Garden Guest House - Lumbini

Hotel Himalayan Inn - Bhairawa

Hotel Siddhartha - Bhairawa

Hotel Srinagar - Palpa

Everest View - Thangboche

Hattiban Resort - Hattiban

Bandipur Resort - Bandipur

Alpine Resort - Lele

Retreats - Palanchok

Horse Shoe Resort - Jiri

River side Resort - Kurintar

Everest Panorama - Daman

Nagarkot, Kakani, Phulchoki, Dhulikhel, Godavari & Panauti

2009-11-12T21:43:00.000-08:00

Nagarkot:

A 32 km drive to the east from Kathmandu at an altitude of 2,175m(7000ft)is Nagarkot.The ridge offers possibly the best display of the Himalayas including Sagarmatha (Mt Everest)and many others like Mansula,Ganesh,Langtang,Choba Bhamree,Gauri Shankar,Shisa Pangma and many more.It is recommended to stay there overnight to enjoy the sunset and sunrise.

Dhulikhel:

A scenic 30km drive along the terraced paddy fields on the Arniko Highway leads you to Dhulikhel at an altitude of 1600m. This place is famous for its vantage location for viewing the Himalayan range from Cho-yu in the east to Himalachuli in the west . Dhulikhel is very popular for viewing is beautiful sunrise and sunset and for its serene atmosphere free from the smoke and bustle of kathmandu city . it is better to stay overnight in one of the beautiful lodges and the sunset and sunris the next day.

Kakani:

One and half-hours(29km)drive from Kathmandu along the beautiful mountain highway on the Trisuli road is scenically rewarding with green forests and mountain terraced cultivation.The vantage point at an altitude of 1982 m.above sea level is famous for the magnificent view of Ganesh Himal no one side and Kathmandu City on the other side.Other peaks that can be seen from kakani are Gauri Shankar,Choba Bhamare,Mansalu,Himalchuli,Annapurna and many more.

Phulchoki:

Located about ten km Southest of Patan at an altitude of 2759 m is the tallest hill in the kathmandu valley,Phulchoki,meaning "the Flower Hill".It is called so because rhododendrons of different varieties and colors from white to dark red are found here.The panoramic view from the top is spectacular-to the north snow clad Himalayan range and Kathmandu valley and to the south the lower range of mountains extended to the plain of Tarai.Phulchowki is also best recommended for a day hike.

Panauti:

One of the finest Newar settlements in the region is the village of Panauti. It is built at the confluence of two rivers in a small valley surrounded by examples of early temple architecture.The Indreshwar Mahadev temple is a very good example of historical Newari architect.The roof struts showing different manifestations of Shiva are matchless in their serenity.

Godavari:

Situated at the foot of Phulchoki,Godavari is a nice picnic spot.There is Royal Botanical Garden.The Royal Departmen of medical ponds,greenhouse and fish farms.The garden has a nice collection of lily cactii.A clear water spring that emerges from a cave known as Godavari Kunda which is believed as having magical powers is visited by hundreds of thousands of pilgrims every 12 years.

Patan City and Tibetan Handicrafts Centre

2009-11-12T21:13:00.000-08:00

Patan City and Tibetan Handicrafts Centre

Patan, also known as Lalitpur-the city of fine art and architecture,is said to be one of the oldest and most beautiful medieval cities of the world.The artists and artisan have created great and many beautiful temples,shrines and palaces in the Durbar Square.This is a wondrous place. Tibetan Handicrafts Centre,established in 1959 for the Tibetan refugees,is now a Handicraft Centre managed and run by the Tibetans on a co-operative basis.Here,one can witness the making of Tibetan carpets.there are many authentic Tibetan items of choice in the show rooms.

Dakshinkali:

A very famous Hindu Goddess Kali temple is situated 22km south of kathmandu.The entire route to the temple is a beautiful countryside drive.Regular religious ceremonies are performed daily.Twice a week,on Tuesday and Saturdays,a large number of animals are scarified.More incredible animal rituals are held during the Dashain festival.On the return journey yu can visit the temple of Shes Narayan,a cave temple where Guru Padmasambhava is said to have gained his physical power through meditation.

Kirtipur:

Standing atop a small hill,Kritipur is a picturesque town .The town was first established in the 12th century.It later became an independent kingdom and the last stronghold of the Mallas.A 16th century temple of Bagh Bhairawa is interesting because of swords and shields fixed in the front of the temple.Other interesting temples are Uma Maheswor and Chilancho Stupa,believed to have been built by Ashok.

Budhanilkantha:

Budhanilkantha,situated about eight kilometers north of Kathmandu,at the base of Shivapuri hill,is a remarkable place.There is a colossal statue of Lord Vishnu,recycling of Lichhavi period.This fifth century statue in the middle of a small pond seems to be floating in water.A short walk for an hour up to Nage Gompa,a monastery for nuns,gives one a good view of Kathmandu valley.

Bungamati:

Bungamati lies five kilometers south of Patan.A typical Buddhist Newar village is tightly clustered against a hilly riverside slope surrounded by terraced rice fields.A paved stone path leads to a gate guarded by two lions and the head of a third one.Here is the powerful Shikara style Rato Machhenra Nath temple with heavy columns and beautiful supports at its lower part.

Khokana:

At a twenty minute walk towards Karya Binayak from Bungamati is lovated the village of Khokana -famous for manufacturing mustard oil.Ith si worthwhile to seek out one of the vilage's oil presses,located in poorly lighted factories with medieval atmosphere.

Sankhu and Bajrajogini:

Here,a hill encircles the ancient settlement of Sankhu.Once the city was one of the trade routes towards east of Helambu to Tibet.It is a typical Newari town with many fine old buildings and temples.Forest above the village hides an important temple of the Tantric goddess Bajra Jogini.The mani structure is from the 17th century,but Nepalese legend says that the goddess has resided here since pre-medieval time.

Changunarayan:

The temple of Changunarayan,built on an hilltop,dates back to the 4th century,is the oldest temple in Kathmandu Valley.In the courtyard, among dozen of Vishnu statues,a 5th century image with 10 arms,is a masterpiece.There is also an image of Garuda,the mythical bird that serves as Vishnu's heavenly vehicle.Besides ,there is one of the oldest and most important Lichhavi inscriptions of the valley,which is the oldest and first written record found in the Kathmandu Valley.

Tours of Kathmandu Valley

2009-11-12T20:57:00.000-08:00

Presented here are some of the interesting spots within the valley of kathmandu.The valley has more UNESCO World Heritage sites to offer than any country at a single place.Within 650 Sq.Km,it consists of three main cities of great historical and cultural interest-Kathmandu,Patan and Bhaktapur,with old palaces and squares(Durbar Squares)and many small villages and suburbs like Changunarayan,Bungamti,Paanauti,Sankhu and others.Three Naths(Lords)-Bodhanath,Pashupatinath and swayambhunath are very important religious places for both Hindus and Buddhists.

Kathmandu:

Kathmandu,the capital of Nepal,is named after a medieval pagoda"Kasthamandapa"-wooden house.Here,at Dubar Square,one can visit the house of Kumari(Living Goddess),Hanuman Khoka and many other fascinating temples and bazaars in the area.

Swayambhunath:

Swayambhunath is regarded as one of the oldest stupas in the world.The stupa is also known as "Monkey Temple".It is said to be more than 2000 years old.The stupa,perched on a sacred hilltop is surrounded with votive stupas,gilded peacocks,taras,thunderbolt(Vajra),manmdalas,Tibetan monasteries and a temple of Harati Ajima.

Bhaktapur:

Bhaktapur,"City of Devotees",is also known as Bhad Gaon.This beautiful medieval town is the most preserved of the three medieval cities of Kathmandu valley.There are fascinating architectural show pieces-the Lion Gate,Golden Gate and palace of 55 windows.In the Taumadi Square,one can visit the 17th century pagoda Nyatapol,the tallest and the best example of a pagoda.

Pashupatinath:

It is one of the most sacred of all Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva.It is situated on the bank of the holy Bagmati River,where the cremation Ghats are located.A quiet and peaceful place gevs one an insight into one of the World's greatest religions.Non-Hindus are not allowed to enter the temple.

Bouddhanath:

Bouddhanath,the world's largest Buddhist stupa,is the site of great veneration for Himalayan Buddhists.Being on the old Tibet-Nepal trading route and many Tibetans living around the area,there are many monasteries of the different sects of Tibetan Buddhism being built.Walking around this stupa will give one a glimpse of Tibet.

Tours of Pokhara Valley

2009-11-12T19:13:00.000-08:00

Situated some 200 kilometers west of Kathmandu at an alleviation of 3000 ft, Pokhara is a natural gift to our country. It has a rare combination of the long arrays of snowed peaks, crystal clean lakes, panoramic Annapurna Himal and the warm climate, which remains favourable all the year round. The monsoon rains are strongest from June to August and other months are relatively dry. It has the beautiful Phewa tal ( Lake ), Seti river, Mahendra Cave and the various places of interest for the torist like, K1 Singh Bridge, Bindya Bashini Temple, Musuem, Davi's Fall and Buddhist Temples, etc. Presented here are some of the interesting spots within the valley of Pokhara.

Phewa Tal - Tal means lake in Nepali. Phewa Tal is the largest Lake in the valley, measuring 1.5 by 4 km. The lake is the centre of attraction and the most enchanting lake among the other lakes of the Pokhara Valley. The lake is best situated for boating, bird watching and especially photographing the scenic mountains. The excellent setting of the lake and the reflections of the Annapurna Mountains is something, no visitor would like to miss during a boating trip. Annapurna rises directly from the valley floor and seems close enough to touch. The boats and boatmen can be hired on an hourly or daily basis or one can row himself.

Bahari Temple - Built in the middle of Phewa Lake is dedicated to the Goddess Ajima- the grand mother. The universal protector is the boar manifestation of Goddess Shakti. She is often worshipped with the sacrifice of animals.

Legend goes that on one fateful night, God came to a village in Pokhara disguised as a traveller looking for shelter. Only a poor couple offered him shelter and the only meal they had. Next morning, it was found that the entire village was submerged in water expect the old couple's. Therefore, in honor of the compassionate old couple the temple of Tal Varahi was built in the middle of the lake.

Sarangkot - Situated at 1500 meters is a former fort of Kaski Kings. An early morning drive to watch the sunrise is the best recommended trip. Nowhere else in the world can one enjoy such a magnificant panorama up so close. Starting from Dhaulagari in the extreme left, the view includes Annapurna South, 1st, IInd, IIIrd,IVth, Machhapuchhare and Lamjung.

World Peace Pagoda - A massive Buddhist stupa, is situated on top of a hill on the southern shore of Phewa Lake. Besides being as impressive sight by itself, the shrine is a great vantage point which offers a spectacular view of the mountains, Phewa Lake and Pokhara City.

Davi's Fall - Locally known as Patale Chhango, is an awesome waterfall lying about 2kms south- west of Pokhara airport on the highway to Tansen.

Legend has it that in the month of July 1961, a Swiss couple were bathing in the stream Pardi Khola, just above the fall. A sudden flood from the Fewa Dam swept away Mrs.Davi and mysteriously disappeared down into an underground passage beneath the fall. Since then, the fall has been called Davi's Fall.

The Old Bazaar and Bindyabasini Temple - Pokhara's traditional bazaar is colorful and so are its ethnically diverse traders. Newar architecture and craftsmanship is expressed in its temples and windows. The past richness is expressed in its art and craftmanship.

Bindhyabasani Temple is the centre of religious activities in the old bazaar. It is dedicated to Goddess Bhagawati, another manifestation of Shakti. On Tuesdays and Saturdays, people sacrifice animals and believe that she will help them fulfill their desires and wish.

Legend has it that the stone image of the Goddess was being brought from Binda, India to the kingdom of Mustang- a kingdom on the north of Annapurna. The carriers rested in Pokhara and when they were about to continue the journey, the image could not be lifted from the ground. Thus, the temple was built to honor the resident of Bindia Bindabasani.

Gupteswor Gufa (Cave)- A sacred lies 2 km from Pokhara airport on the Siddartha Highway leading South- West from the city. The entrance is right cross Davi's Fall and the cave is almost 3 km long. It has some big hall-size rooms and some passages where you have to crawl on all fours. This cave holds special value for Hindus since a phallic symbol of lord Shiva is preserved here in the condition it was discovered. An entrance fee os Rs. 5 is charged and taking picture insides the cave is prohibited.

Mahendra Guffa (Cave)- It is another interesting natural site across the Seti river past Batulichaur Village in the north of Pokhara Village. It is one of the stalactite caves found in Nepal. As the cave has not yet been well explored, it is worth while to explore the interior.

KI Sing Bridge and Seti River - Seti River is a narrow but deep river in Pokhara. It is just a meter wide. KI Singh, who was the late Prime Minster of Nepal, jumped across the river before the construction of the bridge. After the construction of the bridge and due to the traditions of that time, it is called KI Singh Bridge and it is beleived that this is the shortest bridge of the world over such a big river.

Tibetian Village - There are two Tibetian villages in the vicinity of Pokhara. One of them is called Tashiling and the other villages name is Tashi Palkhel. Tashiling is in the south past Patale Chhango. Tashi Palkhel is towards the north of Pokhara. The Tibetan people living in these villages keep themselves busy by producing and trading in woolen carpets and other handicraft items.

Other Activities in Pokhara

* Trekking - For some, Pokhara is the starting or ending point for a trek into the Annapurna region, one of the most popular trekking regions of Nepal. The weeklong trek northwest from Pokhara up the Kali Gandaki River to Jomsom passes up through one of the deepest valleys in the world. It you continue onward to over 5400 meters to Thorang- La , you can circumambulate the Annapurna Range concluding the 300+ kilometer trek.

The popular treks in the region are: Royal trek, President trek, Ghorepani trek, Ghandrung trek, Siklis, Muktinath/ Jomsom trek Annapurna Sanctuary, Round Annapurna, etc.

* Rafting - Among the most popular rivers from Pokhara are the Kali Gandaki for 3 days, Marshyangdi for 5 days or Seti and Trisuli.

* Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake - A fifteen Kilometer drive east of the town lies two fasciniting lakes which are less visited and is an alternative to Fewa Tal. A hike to Panchabhaiya brings you to the twin lakes.

* Paragliding

* Pony treks

Rafting in Nepal

2009-11-06T23:25:00.000-08:00

The torrential rivers of Nepal emerging from the glaciers of the highest mountain in the world and flowing through the mysterious plateaus of the Himalayan region, both in Tibetand Nepal ,provide ample opportunity to enjoy rafting in Nepal. Nepal is a river runner's paradise .No other country can provide such a great choice of multi-day trips, away from roadin such magnificent mountain surrounding with warm rivers,a semi-tropical climate,impressive geography,exotic cultures, wildlife and frienly welcoming people and no nasty biting insectsRafting provides a unique chance to see the natural beauty,flora and fauna and enjoy the beautifullandscape in the most memorable way. Uniquegeographical structure of nepal has created themost exciting rafting rivers in nepal. Rafting in Nepal is usually a 'wilderness' experinceas most of the rivers don't have high-way alongside them; but it's soft, tamed wilderness with white sandy beaches for camping,clean blue rivers and friendly locals. Rivers lovers have describe Nepal as "blissful ecapism",incredibly inexpansive,and beautiful country where rafters andkayers get a warm welcome". Tradtionally, we Nepalese have always revered and at the same time are afraid of holy rivers. To ferry across a rivers in adugout is a dangerous and fearful experince-most Nepalese cannot swim. the idea of running rivers, especially the big river for fun seems quite crazy to us. The first crazy river runner arrived in Nepal in late 1960's. Two Frenchmen are said to have descended on parts of the sun kosi in1968. Rafting and kayaking history of nepal starts from 1970. The first commercial trip was organised in 1974 for 15 foreigeners in different rivers of nepal. The trip was so sucessful that Mr.Al rod,and American national associted with Tiger Top starts regular raft trips in Trisuli and Sunkosi under the able leader ship of Mike Yager . Mr yager infused the sprit of newely trained Nepali rafting guides and explored the rivers of Nepal for commercial purpose. He organised taining programs including a tour to the USA .In 1976, Himalayan rivers Exploration was registered with the Government of Nepal. This was the first commercial river rafting company in the Himalaya or in asia. By the early 1980's Nepal rafters were reconized as world class professinal and were invited to lead and support expeditions in other countries. Every year, the commercial rafting business is growing fast . Nearly 5% of the total tourist arrival are visiting Nepal for other purpose and go rafting. But now it is difficult to determine it as we do not have the provision of taking river permits.

Why Go Rafting In Nepal

2009-11-06T23:00:00.000-08:00

* The rivers of Nepal take you away from the busy trekking routes and penetrate the heart of rural, roadless, unspoiled natural heritage of Nepal.

* Rafting offers an attractive alterantive to trekking , if you do not enjoy walking. It offers the country from different viewpoints.

* Rafting leaves no footprints, has minimal ecological effect, and causes little disruption to the social patterns of local life.

* It is one of the best ways to view wildlife.

* Warm rivers in mild hot weather.

* Impressive geography of mountains.

* Rafting includes not only water - it includes temples, people, culture, festivals, medieval villages. It involves so many activities and so many varieties.

* Anybody can join the trips - do not need previous experience, training etc.

* Nepal is belived to be the paradise of the rafters. Unique geographical setting has made it possible - Highest snow mountains , deepest gorge.

* No other country has such a choice of multi-day trips.

The Best among the best rivers in Nepal

1. Best long, white water trips -"World Classic "- Karnali, Tamur, Sun koshi

2. Best rivers of wild life and fishing- Baabai, Bheri, Karnali, Mahakali

3. Best 3-6 day white water trips - Marsyandi , Kali , Tamur.

4. Best 1-3 day white water trips- Trisuli , Bhote Koshi

5. Best 4-5 day easy water trips- Bheri

6. Best 1-3 day easy water trips - upper Sun Koshi, Seti , Babai, Trisuli

7. Best Combined trekking and rafting trips - Tamur, Marsyangdi

8. Best budget trips - Trisuli, Kali, Sun Koshi

9. Best family trips - Upper Sun Koshi , Seti, Trisuli.

10. Best short white trips - Bhote Koshi

Personal Gears

2009-11-06T22:40:00.000-08:00

One of the best things about a river trip is how little you need: all you need is a pair of shorts and a thermal top. Many companies supply light waterproof nylon 'paddle jackets' and if the river or weather is likely to be cold then they may also provides wet suits, and thick thermal tops.

For Autumn and Spring ( March - November)

* Sleeping bag ( two seasons )
* Sleeping mattress
* Lightweight trousers / pants
* Under wear
* Sunscreen and lip balm
* Small towel
* Toiletries, moisturizing cream
* Lightweight shirt ( Long sleeves and collar )
* Light fleece style jacket or sweater
* Flash light with extra batteries.
* Very small amount of money ( drinks and tips )

River Wears

* Shorts or swim suit
* Light thermal top or t-shirts
* Baseball style peaked cap
* Sunglasses with strap
* A sarong for women
* Personal water bottle
* River sandals with back strap or Teva, sports sandals well secured by laces and buckles.

Optional

* Reading and writing materials
* Camera with extra films
* Walkman and tapes with batteries
* Fishing gear
* Light nylon waterproof jacket ( if likely to be wet or windy)
* Personal medications
* Pocket knife
* Binoculars

Take old comfortable clothes and gear that you don't mind getting lost, damaged and wet. Leave valuable likes passports, credit cards, travellers cheques, air tickets etc, back at your hotel. Rafting agencies also provide you the safe deposit facility.
Cotton clothing is really pleasant for hot sunny days but is cold when wet. Wool keeps warm even when wet. Modern thermal fleece, pile, or similar polypro are quick drying and ideal wear for cool days in the river, often worn under a pair of shorts.

Rivers in Nepal

2009-11-06T21:30:00.000-08:00

The rivers of Nepal offer a wide variety of rafting and kayaking opportunities. In terms of rivers, Nepal can be divided into three main river systems: Sapta Kosi, Sapta Gandaki and Karnali.

1. Trisuli

Trisuli is the most popular and commercially run river of Nepal as it runs in between Kathmandu and Pokhara and flows to Chitwan Valley. It has impressive gorges, moderate white water, a few exciting rapids, some easier sections and easy access. The river is drop and pool. It is an excellent river for those who are with limited time. The river Bhote Koshi starts from the Tibetan side of Ganesh Himal and joins the Trisuli River from Gosaikunda. It drains the water from Langtang in the east to Manaslu in the west.

River class : 2, 3+

From : Baireni - alt 425 m.

To : Narayan Ghat - alt 180 m.

Distance : 106 km

Average:gradient : 3 m/km

Volume : 300 cms

River days : 1-4 days

2. Seti Khola

It is an excellent river for those who do not have much time and previous experience. This is a unique river that passes through two beautiful and contrasting scenic areas-village and forest. Relatively small volume, blue and warm water cuts through deep gorges and lush jungle and finally meets the Trisuli River at Ghai Ghat (above Narayan Ghat).

This is the best river for family trip and Kayak learners.

The river starts from Machhapuchere and flows through Pokhara valley. The name Seti is named for the color of the river.

River class : 2, -3

From : Damauli -alt 480 m

To : Gai Ghat (Trisuli) -alt 200m.

Distance : 62 km.

Average:gradient : 3m/km

Volume : 40cms

River days : 2-3 days

3. Kali Gandaki

This river offers excellent medium length white water rafting trips and views of the Annapurna as you run some moderate to difficult rapids which makes this river unique. The river is named after the color of the river and the Goddess Kali, so the river is considered to be holy and auspicious place to be cremated. As the river is drop and pool, the moderate waves make the river interesting.

The river originates from the Tibetan plateau draining the water of Annapurna and Dhaulagiri Himal joins with Trisuli at Dave Ghat. Then the Sapta Gandaki is called Nayayani. The Kali Gorge between the 8000m mountains Annapurna and Dhaulagiri is the deepest gorge in the world.

River class : 4-, 4+

From : Beni - alt 820 m

To : Andhi Khola - alt 540m

Distance : 60km

Average:gradient : 5m/km

Volume : 120 cms

River days : 3 days

4. Marsyangdi

Marsyangdi river, rising on the northern slope of the Annapurna Himal joins with Trisuli at Mugling. This river is considered as one of the best class 4 rivers in the world- continuous , exhilarating whitewater with magnificent mountain backdrops. You have to drive up to besishahar and take a 4/5 hours trek further up to Nagadi to reach to the starting point. Literal meaning of Marsyangdi is raging river in local language.

River class : 4 +, 5-

From : Nagadi - alt 890m

To : Bimalnagar - alt 390m

Distance : 52 km.

Average:gradient : 10 m/km

Volume : 80 cms

River days : 3 days and one day trek

5. Sun Koshi

The Sun Koshi means " River of Gold"- because of its beauty or may be because of its orange color in the monsoons when it is thick with alluvial silt. This river is one of the ten best white water rafting trips in the world. Big rapids, warm water, beautiful scenery and great camping beaches make this a classic multi-day river trip. Upper section of this river is known as Bhote Kosi-river from Tibet. A small tributary of the Sun Koshi joins it below Bare Bise. Raft put in point, Dolalghat is only 2 hours drive from Kathmandu.

River class : 4, 4+ , 5-

From : Dolalghat -alt 625m

To : Chatatra -alt 150m

Distance : 260 km

Average:gradient : 2 m/km

Volume : 400cms

River days : 8-10 days

6. Bhote Koshi

Bhote Koshi, translated as "river from Tibet", is the origin of the Sun Koshi. The river offers two days of intense and challenging activity. This is probably the most exciting short rafting trip offered anywhere.

River class : 4 +, -5 ,5

From : Borderland Resort - alt 1020 m

To : The Dam - alt 760m

Distance : 17 km

Average:gradient : 16 m/km

Volume : 40 cms

River days : 1-2 days

7. Karnali

The Karnali is Nepal's longest and largest river. The area it flows through is wild and relatively unpopulated with some of the most pristine jungle scenarios in Nepal and abundant wildlife. The rapids are also pretty wilder in comparison to Sun Koshi. The Karnali is more constrained by its canyon walls , making bigger , more continuous and serious rapids. The access to the river is two days drive from Kathmandu.

River class : 4+ , 5- ,5

From : Sauli - alt 560 m

To : Chisapani - alt 113 m

Distance : 180 km

Average:gradient : 4 m/km

Volume : 300 cms

River days : 7 days and 2 days walking

8. Bheri

It is one of the most scenic rivers in Nepal with golden cliffs, green jungle, crystal clear green water, white beaches, excellent fishing opportunities, good bird watching coupled with a powerful current and sparkling rapids of moderate difficulty.

River class : 2, 3, 3+

From : Devisthan - alt 550m

To : Chisapani - alt 125m

Distance : 142 km

Average:gradient : 2.5 m/ km

Volume : 170 cms

River days : 5 days.

Trekking in Nepal

2009-11-06T02:44:00.000-08:00

Nepal is blessed with all the component to be called a most marvellous and impressive country for trekkers. No other country in this world can compete with trekking in nepal. Only by walking in the ancient foot trails, one can get access to the interiors of Nepal and explore the remote valleys like Dolpa- a regionbehind the Himalayas. Here in Nepal lies the greatest concentration of the highest mountain ranges-eight out of the ten highest peaks, most varied terrain and the most specatular views.Besides these physical blessing,nepal is endowed with a diverse cultural heritage. Walking is the only way to see Nepal in its wholness, to be in contact with the wild the wild and dramatic landscapes and the fascinating pepole who live here.

History of trekking in nepal starts in late 50's when a retired British Gurkha officer, Lt.col.jimmy Roberts experienced an expedition. He was a member of the Machhapuchere expedition team. When he was on the expedition,he saw Sherpa working as guides and poters carring all the lodging material and food. He was so impressed with the Nepali hospitality, that a newidea came into his mind. He developed type of organizing a treak.He thought that the the expedition type of organization is the onlypossible way to take people to take pepole to the interiors of Nepaland to show them the most spectacular country of this world.The onlyway to take people into the mountains and to make them understand the most interesting hospatilityof Nepali people organize expedition typesof treakking. Then he organized the first trekking expedition to theEverest Base Camp for 8 people n around 1956. The trip became so succesful and he was so encouraged that he registered Mountain travel in 1964 as a commercial agency. Then he trained Sherpas as Sardars or an organizer,coordinator, supervisor of every day operation in the field. Sardar is the leader and takes decision on different aspects on the spot. He trained Sherpaas guides too. The sherpa guides lead the way and set up camp. They are the camp supervisors. Mr.robert also trained Sherpa cooks, developed a cooking system, campaning system,service style, health andhygiene. He travelled to most of the hilly region and explored the campsities and determined the trekking days. He developed the style which made Nepal so popular for trekking. He developed the stylewhich made Nepal so popular for trekking.Finally, he settled down in Nepal and died inNepal. He is popularly known as the Father of Trekking in Nepal.

The Trekking Permit Rate

2009-11-06T02:08:00.000-08:00

Certain parts of Nepal are restricted for trekking purposes and some areas are open for organized trekkers only. The individual tourists are not allowed to trek in these areas independently. It should be organized by a registered trekking agency and should be an organized trek. while trekking in those areas, the government has made provisions of providing a laison officer.

It is not necessary to get a trek permit for Annapurna, Langtang and Everest region but National Park and Conservation Area fee is applicable in thes areas. The trekking fee for the restricted area is as follows:

Area : Kanchunjunga & Lower Dolpa
Rate : For the first 4 weeks per weekperperson US $ 10 and after 4 weeks
per week per person US $ 20

Area : Rasuwa District ( Thamun & Tingure )
Rate : Per week per person US $ 10

Area : Manang District ( Restricted region)
Rate : For September to November per person US $ 90 and December to August per week per person US $ 75

Area : Mugu District ( Bajhang & Darchula )
Rate : For the first 7 days per person US $ 90 and afer 7 days per day per person US $ 15

Area : Upper Mustang and Upper Dolpa
Rate : For the first 10 days per person US $ 700 and after 10 days per day per person US $ 75

Area : Gorkha District
Rate : For September to November per person US $ 90 and (Manaslu Area ) December to August per week per person US $ 75.

Area : Humla District (Way to Tibet)
Rate : For the first 7 days per person US $ 90 and after 7 days per day per person US $ 15

The Trek Gradation

2009-11-06T01:41:00.000-08:00

The gradation is done on internationally recognized norms.It has been categorized from grade 1 to grade 6. Grade 1 is the simplest and easiest one to trek and the 6 th being the extreme. The 6 th grade is not commercially operational, as it comes under expeditions.

Grade 1 : Easy trekking by Himalayan Standard is generally up to 2000m. There are plenty of ups and downs on well-maintained trails. Any one who leaves a reasonably active life can enjoy this trip. Walking involves about four to five hours a day.

Grade 2 : It involves longer treks ( five to ten days ) on maintained trails, including perhaps day excursions to higher elevations. Some pervious hill-walking experience is desirable. In general, the altitude attained on these treks will be between 900m to 3000m. This trek is best described as moderate trek.

Grade 3 : It is a reasonably demanding trek at an altitude up to 4000m with side trips to higher elevations. This is classified as moderate to strenuous trekking involving some walking on ill-defined trails, away from habitation.

Grade 4 : These treks must be fully supported. The altitude varies between 3500m to 5000m. It involves several night stays above 4000m. Clients should be fit and enthusiastic hill walkers perpared to tackle difficult terrain in remote areas.

Grade 5 : This is also graded as Alpine Trek. This trek is of an extremely demanding nature. All the participants should be fit and in excellent health, capable of carrying a backpack. Sometimes the treks will be in very remote areas reaching altitudes of above of 5000m. It includes glaciers and snow crossing. It includes crossing snow-covered passes in very remote areas or climbing up to 6500m where some pervious experience of handling axes and crampons is normally expected. Medical certificates are required prior to be accepted on these trips.

Grade 6 : This grade is considered as a expedition.

Major Trekking Regions of Nepal

2009-11-05T04:09:00.000-08:00

A trek can be a short one-day hike to a mountain-top or ridge for spectacular views of the mountains.It can be a three or four day excursion further north for a closer look at the Himalayan range, or it can be a month long walk in the shadow of the mighty peaks. The extent to which one exerts oneself is competely variable. In choosing a trek, many factors must be considered. The most important factor among them is the time available. Some trekking takes a minimum number of days and some regions are not recommended for less then minimum number of days. For example, Everest Region for less than 10 days is not advised. The individual strenght/ability and budget are also important factors. Certain treks offer majestic mountain scenery, others a glimpse of hill life and others display spectacular flora and fauna. The time of year is the most important factor to be considered. Certain treks,interesting at a time of the year will be difficult or even impossible at an other time like Round Annapurna Trek, Dolpa Trek. It should be kept in mind that the tea house trek is possible only along the most popular trekking trails. They are Everest , Langtang and Annapurna . It will be cheaper to go on a teahouse trek but will be heavily crowded during the tourist season.

From a trekking point of view, Nepal may be divided into 5 different regions. They are:-

1. Far Easter Region ( Kanchangunja Region)

2. Eastern Region (Everest Region)

3. Mid Region (Langtang Region)

4. Western Region( Annapurna Region)

5. Off the Beaten Track

Annapurna Region

2009-11-04T04:05:00.000-08:00

ANNAPURNA REGION
The diverse terrain and the communities with varieties of the region make this area the most popular trekking area of Nepal. Pokhara"The Lake Town ", the trek starting point fascinate every one with its Machhepuchere and Annapurna mountains at the very beginning. The trade route of kali Gandaki in between Annapurna and Dhaulagiri is the deepest gorge in the world. Cultural variety from hindu communities to Buddhist,Aryans to Mongols,famous Gorkha soldiers,fortresses,villages,valleys,most rainy areas to the rain shadow aereas of nepal- all with extreme contrasts from each other make each day's walk a different experience. Dhaulagiri(8167m),Annapurna(8097m),Manaslu(8156m),Lamjung Himal(6983m),Machhapuchhare(6993m),Tukuche Peak(6920m),Tilicho Peak(7134m),Nilgiri(6940m) are some of the most popular mountains of the region

1. Royal TreakTrek

Grade: 1

So called because this route was first used by HRH Prince of Wales Charles. This trek has been specially prepared for those who love to enjoy a beautiful view and the Himalayan range in a comfortable way. The route passes through Gurung villages on the ridegeline of the Annapurna ,Lamjung Himal,Manaslu and Himal Chuli. Due to its low altitude this trek can be enjoyed in the winter also. The trek starts from Bijaypur near the army camp and ends at Begnas lake.

2.President TrekTrek

Grade : 2

This is afour to five days'Pokhara trek. The route lies along the heavily forested ridge to the south of phewa Tal. Trekking gently at 2000 ft provide an excellent view of Dhaulagiri,Annapurna, Manaslu and Himalayan range,flora and fauna,green vegetation and endless activities around the villages. In the months of March and April, the blooming rhododendrons,orchid and sighting of many birds makes this trek very enjoyable.

3.SiklisTrek

Grade :2

To the north of Pokhara is unique Gurung village of SIklis. We begin our gentle walk from Pokhara Lake side up towards Siklis(6000ft),the largest Gurung village in the region.From a ridge-top above the village,fine views of the huge mass of Lamjung Himal are seen. This cultural trek offers ample opportunity to understand the cultural of world-renowned Gurkha soldiers and the mountain view.

4. Gorepani and GhandrungTrek

Grade : 2

This is an excallent short trek on the foothill of the Annapurna. It offers one of the most spectacular views of Annapurna Massif,Dhaulagiri and a close look at Gurung and Magar people,who comprised and contributed to the famous Gorkha army. A side trip to pun Hill(3193m) is the highest of this area.

5.Annapurna Circuit Trek

Grade : 4

This magnificent trek circumnavigates the huge Annapurna Massifs. The route starts from Besishahar and goes along theMarhyangdiRiver,with great views of Manaslu and Himal Chuli to the east . At the top of the valley is Thorungla pass at 5415m which is highest point of the trek. Descending to the west at Muktinath, we enter the barren tibetan like valley of the kali Gandaki. This is the world's deepest gorge and passes between the gaint Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountains.

6.The Annapurna SanctuaryTrek

Grade :4

This is a highly praised and spectacular trekking route which leads to the basecamp of Annapurna south. The route provides an interesting contrast from lowland to the outstandinghigh mountains with breathtaking view of the Annapurna range.Though this trek is not a very difficultone, it involves several ascents and descents. The fantastic panoramic view of Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, Fishtailand other Himalayan ranges is unmatchable and unforgetable.

7. Muktinath - A Holy Trek Trek

Grade: 4

This trek at the world's deepest gorge of Kali Gandaki passes between the giants of Annapurna and Dhaulagiri.This is an ideal trek throughout the year as the route stays at a low altitude and does not rain in the region. This trek is highlyrecommended for luxury trekkers as there is a regular flight from Pokhara/Jomsom. A highlight of this trek is a leisure day at the holytemple of both Hindu and Buddhists, Muktinath, where a natural holy flame has been burning from time immemoraial.

Everest Region

2009-11-04T03:41:00.000-08:00

Everest Region:

The Everest Region is the region of Mahalangur Himalayan range where lies the Mt.Everest , traditionally known as Chomolunga-"Mother Goddess" or Sagarmatha-"Head reaching the sky" the world's highest mountain. In the region lies other mountains such as Cho Oyu (98153m) Lhotse (8511m) Nuptse (7879m), Makalu(8470m), Ama Dablam (6856m). This is the most concentrated mountain regionwith the highest mountains; that is more than 200 peaks are higherthan 6000m. The region is also the home of the Sherpas and outpost of Tibetan Buddhism with its many fascinating monasteries. The mountains, the people, their villages and their way of life ensurelasting memories of the walk.

1. Expedition Route

This 3 weeks trek follows the old and ancient route of Mt.EverestSir Edmund Hillary and Mr. Tenzing Sherpa had taken the same route in1952. A seven hour drive takes you to Jiri, from where the trek starts.The route passes through the Sherpa villages of Solukhumbu area; throughbeautiful forests, farming country sides and several monasteries.Once one has passed Lukla, we climb on to Namche, the main tradingvillage of the Khumbu area continuing via Thyangboche monastery to Pherche and Lobuche. The trekkers have the opportunity to climb KalaPathar(5,545m), overlooking the Base Camp area and offering a superbview of Everest, Lhotse, Nuptse, Makalu and other mountains of the region. A half an hour flight from Lukla takes us back to Kathmandu.

2. Gokyo-Everest Base Camp

This trek gives an ample opportunity to explore the Everest regionthoroughly.It provides the possibility to walk through some of the mostdramatic landscapes through Kumbu Himal, Gokyo valley and pass. Ahalf an hour flight from Kathmandu will take us to Lukla; The routefollows the Dudh Koshi to its source near the Gokyo Lake to the westof the Everest Base Camp. Trekkers have an opportunity to climb GokyoPeak(5,483m) which offers an excellent view of Cho Oyo, Everest, Makalu and many other peaks. After crossing the Chyugima La pass(5420m), the route circles back via Everest Base Camp, Kala Pathar and Thyanghoche monastery to Lukla.

3. Kala Pathar-Everest Base Camp.

This trek starts after a spectacular flight from Kathmandu to Lukla,from where we take an interesting route to the heart of Sherpa country.After Namche, the views are stunning. We take time to explore the region. En route are the Khumjung, Pangboche and Thyangboche and numerous Sherpa villages. Thyangboche Ridge(3875m) is said to be themost beautiful place on earth by most of the trekkers. As early morningsun rays descend on Kala Pathar(5545m),it offers a spectacular viewof Pumori(7145m), Everest, Lhotse,Nuptse and the wild beauty of the Khumbu region. Return is via Pangboche and Phortse villages, which liehigh above the junction of the Dudh Koshi and Imja Khola.

4. Sherpa Village

This fascinating trek takes you to the heart of the giant massifspassing through colorful and beautiful Sherpa villages, each villagehaving something unique to offer. En routes are the Namche Bazar,Thengboche, Photse, Khumjung, Pangboche and numerous Sherpa villagesand rustic scenes. One rest day is planned at Namche Bazar foracclimatization and also to give the benefit of the absolutely majesticviews of the mountains and to understand the world famous mountaineeringpeople. A rest day at the Thyangboche gives an opportunity to explorethe monastery situated at the world's highest elevation. It is an idealtrek to enjoy the views of Everest,Nuptse and Ama Dablam in a lessstrenuous way.trek to enjoy the views of Everest ,Nuptse and

Eastern Nepal

2009-11-04T03:29:00.000-08:00

Eastern Nepal:

The Kanchunjungha area in the eastern part of nepal was closed until 1988 for trekking purpose, but recently it has been opened.Exploring these mountains and villages both towards the Kanchunjungha and Makalu base camp has a great potential.This vastand wonderful alpine area can be reached by a daily scheduled flightto Biratnagar and a drive to Dhankuta- Hile or drive from Kathmanduto Hile.

1. The Milke Danda Ridge

This trek provides an excellent opportunity for those who do nothave the time and wish to penetrate the hills and valleys of eastern Nepal as far as the Makalu(8463m) and Kanchanjunga base camp. Thetrek reaches up to 447m through Rai and Limbu villages, fine forestsand high open grazing areas. The Milke Danda separates the two mainriver basins. The Arun River cuts throuth Tibet leaving the Makalu massifand rushes down Tumlingtar. In the east, the Tamur drains the westernand southern flanks of the mighty Kanchanjunga(8586m).

2. Makalu Base Camp

Rising to 8463m on the Nepal Tibet border is the giant mass of Makalu, the world's fifth highest peak. To approach the seldom-visitedbase camp area, we have to begin with a flight to Tumlingtar in easternNepal. We follow a well-defined trail up the fertile Arun river valley.From the village of Nun(909m), we take the northwest trail throughsmall settlements and begin the sustained ascent of the Barun La(4152m).On the way, there are views to the east of Kanchanjungha and JamunHimal. This trek can be taken to be extremely remote in its upperreaches. From the Hillary and Makalu Base Camp (4848m), a side trip willoffer excellent unobsecured views of Makalu's South face, an impressivelandscape of the northeast faces of Everest (8,848m),Lhotse(8,516m),Baruntse(7220m) and Chamlang(7275m). This trek is best to be undertakenbetween October and late November before early winter snow cuts offaccess to the base camp area. The base Camp is at an altitude of 5,000m.

3. Kanchanjunga Base Camp

The Kanchanjunga massif with its myriad glacier systerms, highpass crossings and vast untracked foothills offers the opportunity foralmost endless exploration. This trek is best in early autumn or latespring. The ascent from Hile through terraced fields and rhododendronforest to the high Milke Danda ridge(4500m) offers fine views of fourof the world's highest peaks: Everest(8,848m),Lhotse(8516m),Makalu(8463m),and Kanchanjunga(8537m).From Taplejung village, the route leads to the 3484m pass at Lashi, then to the remarkable view points, Khumbakarnaand Kabru(7310m), just a short distance away across the Yalung glacier.The peaks of the Kanchanjunga massif are the constant companions whenthey cross several passes to Gunsa village and descend the valley and takea westward trail back to Tumlingtar and fly to Kathmandu.

Langtang and Holy Gosaikunda

2009-11-04T03:15:00.000-08:00

Langtang and Holy Gosaikunda :
The trek starts with a 7/8 hours drive to Dunche (1966m).Thetrek goes through rhododendron forests and arrives at Langtang village(3514m).The valley is described as "one of the world's most beautifulvalleys". After a free day at Kuanjin Gompa(3749m), we descend to Syabru and from there climb up to the Buddhist monastery,Sing Gompa(3350m).The view of deep Trisuli River in between Ganesh (7406m) and Langtang(7245m) is outstanding. Other mountains visible from LauriBena are Himal Chuli(6893m) and even Annapuran and Dhaulagiri.Thencomes in the holy lake Gosaikunda(4600m).A rest day here allows one toexplore the lake. Three day's trekking on the ridgeline with superbmountain scenery ends up at Sundarijal and a drive to Kathmandu.

1.Trails of Victorious Gurkhas

This trek follows the old trail from Kathmandu to the west of Nepal. A famous Gurkha King followed the route in the 18 century. The 7 days trek offers magnificent views of the mountains and valleysand forts en route. This trek in the low elevation is the best for moderate walkers and those who love culture.

2. Kathmandu Kaleidoscope

This is a unique trek in luxury as the trail goes on an average of 2000m. This trek gives a Kaleidoscope view of the nature, culture,religion and Himalayan peaks as you hike and camp on the KathmanduValley rim. You can do this trek from one to seven days.

Origin of Term 'NEPAL'

2009-10-31T04:06:00.000-07:00

According to dialect:- Tibetan:- There are two terms in Nepal. They are "Ne" meaning of house and "Pal" meaning of wool in Tibetan language. Thus, the etymological meaning of "Ne" and "Pal" is house of wool. Ancient Nepal was renowed as woollen producer, which woollen products were exported to different Indian continental nations.

Lepcha:- "Ne" means sacred and "Pal" means cave or nation that refer to mean that sacred cave or sacred nation in Lepcha language. Nepal has more caves and believes in Hindu religious text as sacred place of Hindus.

Newar:- There was a practice of calling Nepal as term "Nepa": which term came from word "Ne" means mid/middle and "Pa" means country situated in Himalayan. Etymological meaning of these mixture term Nepalis Mid Himalayn country.

According to caste:-

Newar:- The term "Newa:" converted into Newarwa later pace of time become the term Nepal. Similarly, Shree Kamal Prakas Malla believe that term Nepal was developed from the one type of castle group from Anarya Abhir. Like this our religious text referred that the religious saint named "Ne" served and protected the country and then country's name become the Nepal which Ne term is not mention in any historical accounts of Nepal. Some Vansawali believe that there was the term "neap" from the one type Gana Jati who emigrated to Nepal and added the term "Aal" became Nepal.

Nepali society is a unique society consisting of mixture of multiethnic cultures from very beginning days. Limited documents of Nepali History are unable to define about the exact history of Nepali society and culture. Finding through the excavations like some tools, writings in stones and metals, the monuments, chronicle scripture, coins and present situated temples and shrines etc have great a role to define about the history of Nepal but it is not sufficient matters to prove about the history of Nepal but it is not sufficient matters to prove about the origin of Nepali society and culture. The practices of writing the history in Nepal was introduced after encouraging from the late king Mahendra during the regime and some historian started to write the History of Nepal. Previous Chapter also defined that there was no any kind of Nepalese origin scholars who defined the Nepalese society and culture in any issues but foreigners Historians from the the Britain, France and India mentioned some issues of Nepali society and culture which was very useful to understand the history of Nepal.

Festivals of Nepal

2009-10-30T04:40:00.000-07:00

Nepal is very rich in its culture and tradition. People of different castes, ethnic groups following different religions live here. They have their own culture and traditions. Festivals reflects social, religious and cultural life of Nepal. They are mostly religious and social in nature. Some festivals are based on important events in the past. So, festivals of Nepal can be put into three categories: Religious Festivals, Social Festivals and National FestivalsGeographically , Nepal is divided into three physical features: Mountain, Hill and Terai. Each of these geographical regions celebrates different religious festivals. In the mountain region,'Lhosar' is their main festivals. In the hills , Bhoto Jatra, Gai Jatra, Maghe Sankranti, Saune Sankranti, Dashain and Tihar are the main festivals. The people of Terai mainly celebrate Chhath, Holi, Ramnawami and Bibahapanchami. These religious and social festivals are based on Lunar or Solar calender. According to Lunar calender, festivals celebrated are Haribodhani Ekadashi, Krishnashtami, Ram Nawami and Fagu purnima. According to the Solar calender, festivals celebrated are Maghe Sankranti, Saune Sankranti etc. Here we discuss some of the festivals based on Lunar or Solar calender.

RAM NAWAMI:

It is a very significant festival for the Hindus. It is celebrated with great joy and respect to Ram. Ram Nawami marks the birth to Lord Ram who is also regarded as the incarnation of Lord Vishnu. This festival falls on the Chaitra Shukla Nawami. Shree Ram was the prince of Ayodhya. We learn a lot from the life history of Shree Ram.He was an ideal person and ideal son. The life history of Shree Ram teaches us obedience to parents, respect for elders, love for juniors and qualities like patience, tolerance and forgiveness. A special fair is held at Janakpur where people from different parts of Nepal and India come to celebrate this important day.

MAGHE SANKRANTI:

Among various festivals celebrated according to the Solar calender, Maghe Sankranti or Makar Sankranti has its special importance. It is observed on 1st Magh, which is during the winter season. It is belived that from this day the sun gradually starts to move towards the Northern hemisphere. On the day, people get up early in the morning, go to the nearest river and takes a holy bath and worship. On this day, the preparation of food is also different. People eat special food, rich in protein and minerals, called khichadi, boiled or baked roots, sweet laddu prepared with lots of sesame seed often called ' Til ko laddu'. People also apply oil on their bodies.

The roots or Taruls ( yam) are boiled or cooked the previous night of Poush, called 'Masanta' and eaten the next day that is on the 1st of Magh or Maghe Sankranti, Because the roots are boiled or cooked in Poush and eaten in Magh, they call it Poushko pakya, Maghma khaya.

Tharu community celebrates this day as Maghi in the terai. It is their new year and the main festival.

On this day, fairs are held in many parts of the country. People visit these fail with joy and enthusiasm. They cherish these sweet memories for the rest of the year. This is the richness and uniqueness of our culture which must be a treasure for us.

Religious Tradition in Nepal

2009-10-30T03:26:00.000-07:00

Nepal is a secular country. We practise different religions according to our tradition, social customs, norms and values. A short description of the main religions is given below:

HINDUISM:

Hinduism does not have a single founder or prophet. There is no exact record of the origin of Hindu religion. It is belived that Hinduism originated from the knowledge and preaching of sages and ascetics for ages. It is considered to be the oldest religion of the world. Hindu religion is also called 'Sanatan Religion' or 'Vedic Religion'. The Vedas are the oldest Hindu scriptures. The Vedas are four in number. They are: Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Atharva Veda and Yajur Veda. Besides, The Upanished, The Bhagwadgita, The Puranas, Ramayana and Mahabharata are other sacred books of Hindus. According to Hinduism , patience, forgiveness, self-control , not to commit theft, purity, control over senses , wisdom, knowledge, truthfulness and anger are the ten salient features of the religion.

BUDDHISM:

Buddhism has become one of the major religions of the world. It was founded by Gautama Buddha. He was born in Nepal in 563 B.C. in Kapilvastu district of Lumbini zone. His parents were King Shuddhodhana and Queen Mayadevi. As a prince, his childhood was full of comfort and luxury. One day, he left his palace in search of solution to the pain and suffering in life. He meditated under " Bodhi" tree in Gaya . Finally, Gautama Buddha got " Enlightenment" and found out Four Noble Truths that (a). there is misery, (b). there is cause of misery, (c). there is cessation of misery and (d). there is a path leading to the cessation of misery. He found a way to remove the pain and suffering from life by following the "Eight Fold Paths". They are as Follows:

1. Right view

2. Right determination

3. Right speech

4. Right conduct

5. Right livelihood

6. Right effort

7. Right mindfulness

8. Right meditation and

"Tripitaka" and "Jatak Katha" are the main Buddhist scripture.

ISLAM:

The founder of Islam is Prophet Muhammad. He was born at Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in 570 A.D. He spent his life in meditation in a cave at Mecca. Through meditation he found himself close to God. He considered himself as the messenger of God. He started to preach his teachings about God Allah.

The Important duties to Perform as a Follower of ISLAM are:

1. Read the holy book " The Quran".

2. Perform 'Namaz', pray five times a day.

3. Observe 'Roza', observe fasting during the month of Ramzan.

4. Give alms to the poor and disabled.

5. Make 'Haj' or pilgrimage to Mecca.

The teachings of Prophet Muhammad are:

1. There is only one God.

2. Do not worship idols, pray to the real God.

3. Live an honest life.

4. Give equal justice to all.

5. Treat all the people on this earth as brothers.

The Koran is the Holy book of ISLAM.

CHRISTIANITY:

Jesus Christ is the founder of Christianity. He was born in Jerusa

lem, Palestine, on 25th December. Christians celebrate t

his day as Christmas.

Jesus Christ was simple, kind and religious minded from his childhood

He was a strong devotee of God. Jesus wanted to free the people from the pain, suffering and social injustice which prevailed at that time. He called God, his father and himself th " Son of God". According to Jesus Christ, service to human kind

is service to God. The holy book of Christianiy is the "Holy Bible".

Message of Christianity to all mankind are as follows:

1. Be merciful and do not harm others.

2. Be generous to all and do not be selfish.

3. Love all as we love ourselves.

4. All the good deeds are rewarded and the evil ones will be punished.

Social Traditions of Nepal

2009-10-29T08:40:00.000-07:00

The geographical diversity with different climatic conditions and difficult transport and communication have resulted in the social and cultural diversity. The geography of a country has a big hand in developing diverse communities, castes, ethnic groups having different customs, traditions and beliefs.

People of different races, castes, ethnic groups and communities such as Brahmin, Chhetri, Magar, Newar, Rai, Limbu, Gurung, Tharu, Tamang, Sherpa, Thakali, Yadav, Rajbanshi, Dhimal and Muslim live in different parts of our country.

Unity in diversity is another speciality of the Nepalese culture and tradition. People of different ethnic groups have their own cultures, mother tongues, festivals, songs, dances, dressess, customs, rites and rituals.

Though there is diversity in culture, there is unity in traditions, social values and norms. For example, we all share the common tradition of respecting the seniors, loving the juniors. We regard parents and teachers as God. We all welcome our guests. We respect all the religions equally. We are always ready to help each other when needed. Above all , we love our nation and nationhood.

Different communities and ethnic groups having different languages, religions, customs and traditions are living together. All these people share the common characteristics of love , peace and feeling of brotherhood and cooperation.

World Heritage Sites of Nepal

2009-10-29T04:22:00.000-07:00

Boudhanath:

Boudhanath is among the largest Stupas in South Asia and has become the focal point of Tibetan Buddhism in Nepal. The white mound looms is thirty-six meters overhead.The Stupa is said to entomb the remains of a Kasyap sage who is vulnerable both to Buddhists and Hindus. Monks walk about in maroon robes. Tibetans and other faithful devotees walk with prayer-wheels in the hands and offer their worship and homage bowing down to their lord.

Swayambhunath:

Swayambhunath is perhaps the best place to observe the religious harmony in Nepal. The Stupa is among the most ancient in this part of the world, and its worshippers are diverse from Newar nuns, Tibetan monks and Brahmin priests. The largest image of Buddha is in a monastery next to the Stupa. Other monasteries here have huge prayer wheels, five Buddhist paintings and special butter lamps. It provides an excellent view of the Kathmandu valley. Statues of the Buddha, mini Stupas, monasteries and monkeys make the climb to Swayambhu which is fairly steep, worthwhile.

Lumbini:

Shakyamuni Buddha was born in Lumbini, in southern Nepal, twenty-five hundreds years ago. Since his time, Nepal has been a sacred ground for Buddhists. Lumbini is a small town in the southern plains of Nepal, where the ruins of the old city can still be seen. The restored garden where Lord Buddha was supposed to be born, stupas and monasteries , a stone image of Maya Devi giving birth to Buddha, a large stone pillar erected by the Indian Emperor Ashoka in 250 BC that bears an inscription about the birth of Buddha and the holy pool where Buddha was first bathed are among the important sites to observe at Lumbini. Lumbini offers cultural insights into the village life of southern Nepal. Lumbini as a slice of history is worth seeing.

Patan(Lalitpur) Durbar Square:

Noted for its craftsmen and metal workers, Patan is known as the city of artists. Lalitpur, ' the city of beauty' is another name for Patan. The square boasts of many famous sites and unique architecture. Krishna Mandir in the Patan Durbar Square was built to honour an incarnation of Vishnu. The Bhimsen temple in the square contains five samples of metal craft. The best place, however, to see metal sculpture is the Hiranya Varna Mahabihar, the Golden temple. The Sundari chowk contains exquisite samples of wood carvings, stone and metal sculpture. The city is about five kms southeast of Kathmandu.

Pashupatinath Temple:

Among the various religious places in Nepal, Pashupatinath temple is considered as supreme and most popular. It is the holiest Hindu pilgrimage destination in Nepal. The temple was built by King Bhupatindra Malla in 1697 A.D. A gold-plated roof, silver doors and wood carvings of the finest quality decorate the pagoda construction of the temple. The ' Shivalinga ' was set up in the temple by Lichhavi kings. The Bagmati river which flows close by the temple,' Slesmantak' forest and the 'Arya Ghat ' cremation grounds have added to the sancity of the temple environment. Pashupati-Lord of the animals is taken as the incarnation of Loard Shiva-the Lord of Destruction. Every year hundreds of thousands of Hindu pilgrims visit the temple to offer Puja to Lord Pashupatinath.

Temple of Changu Narayan:

Changu is a village about four kms east of Bhaktapur Durbar where the temple of NarayanVishnu is located and thus the name Changunarayan. It is often described as the most ancient temple in Kathmanud Valley. The temple, built around the third century, is decorated by some of the best samples of stone, wood and metal craft in the valley. On the struts of the two-tiered Changu-Narayan temple, are the ten incarnations in which Narayan destroyed evildoers. A sixth century stone statue shows the cosmic form of Vishnu, while another statue recalls his dwarf incarnation when he crushed the evil king Bali. Vishnu as Narsinghs disembowelling a demon is particularly stunning. The western bronze doors sparkle in the evening sunlight, dragons decorate the bells and handsome devas stare from the walls. The temple now covers sixteen hundered years of Nepalese art history.

Bhaktapur Durbar Square:

Bhaktapur means 'the city of devotes ' in Sanskrit. Also called Bhadgaon, founded by king Anand Dev in 889A.D, the palace complex in the middle of the city portrays the prosperity of the Malla years and the details at which the crafts people then worked. The palace of Fifty five windows stands in the quare and was home to many kings. Among the impressive mounuments in the square, the massive gate, the big bell, the golden gate, the five storied temple of Nyatapole, the Bhairab temple, the Dattatraya square with its woooden carving and metalwork, museums etc are the prominent ones.

Kathmandu Durbar Square:

It is easy to be overwhelmed by the seemingly uncountable monuments in the Kathmandu Durbar Square. The buildings here are the greatest achievements of the Malla dynasty. Anyone wondering around the square

could see a round temple in Pagoda style, the temple of goddess Taleju, an image of Shiva

and Parbati, the temple of living goddess-Kumari, the temple of fire-headed Hanumanjee. Hanuman Dhoka etc. among many other monuments.'Marushattal' a

rest house , popularly know as ' Kasthamandap' is supposed to be made of the timber from a single tree and the city Kathmandu was named after 'Kasthamandap'. All wood carvings, statues and architecture in this area are exceptionally fine and Kathamandu Durbar Square is among the most important sights for travelers to see.

Nepal Conservation Area

2009-10-29T03:20:00.000-07:00

Annapurna Conservation Area(ACA):

ACA, established in 2043 B.S, occupying an area of 7,229 sq.kms, stretches in the Annapurna range and its adjoining areas in Western Nepal. This conservation area comprises Manang and Mustang districts and parts of Kaski , Myagdi and Lamjung districts. It is the largest conservation area in Nepal and is managed by King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation. It's altitude ranges from less than 1,000m, the Mardi Khola to 8,091m, Mount Annapurna-I which is the tenth highest peak in the world.

Vegetation in this area comprise of hill Saal, Schima, Castanopsis, alder, oak, rhododendron, brich, blue pine,juniper and some bushes in the arid regions. Mamamlian species include common langur , yellow-throated marten, jungle cat, Ghoral, serow, Tahr, Bharal,leopard, snow leopard,black bear, red panda, etc.

Kanchanjunga Conservation Area (KCA):

KCA, established in 2054 B.S, occupying an area of 2011 sq.kms, lies in the northern part of Taplejung district in East Nepal and encompasses Kanchajunga Himal which is the second highest peak in Nepal and third highest in the world. Altitude ranges from 1,200m.(Tamur river) to 8,586m.(Mt.Kanchanjunga).Vegetation includes Juniper, Saal, Chilaune, Phalant, Katush,maple, hemlock, rhododendron etc. The common fauna includes snow leopard, common leopard, red pandas, musk deer, blue sheep, gray wolf, Assamese macaque , common langur etc. The inhabitants of this region belong to Sherpa, Bhotia and Lelep in majority and Limbus, Rai, Gurung in minority.

Manaslu Conservation Area(MCA):

MCA, established in 1998 A.D.(2055 B.S), covering an area of 4,000 sq.kms, lies in Gorkha, Manang and Lamjung districts of Gandaki zone in the Western Development Region and is centered around Manaslu Himal (8,163m), the seventh highest peak in the world.

The area is comprised of dense forest of Chilaune, Katus , oak, rhododendron, blue pine, spruce, birch, juniper,larch etc. The mammalian fauna includes snow leaopard , common leopard , musk deer, blue sheep, red panda, Himalayan tahr etc. Gurungs, Sherpas and Bhotes live around this area.

National Parks of Nepal

2009-10-28T07:41:00.000-07:00

Chitwan National Park (CNP) :
CNP , established in 2030 B.S, is the oldest National Park in Nepal which is situated in the Tropical inner Terai low lands of South Central Nepal. The park was designated as a World Heritage site in 1984 A.D. and occupies an area of 932 sq. kms.
The park covers an unique ecosystem of significant value and contains the Churiya hills, ox-bow lakes and flood plains of Rapti, Reu and Narayani rivers. The park encompasses more than 43 species of mammals, over 450 species of birds, over 45 species of amphibians and reptiles and over 100 species of fishes. The park is especially renowned for the endangered one-horned rhinoceros, the tiger and crocodile along with many other common species such as bison, wild ass, lion,elephent,entelope,hyena,gangetic dolphin,monitor lizard,python,chittal(spotted deer),barking deer,hog deer,sloth beer,palm civet,langur and rhesus monkey. Among the endangered birds are the bengal florican, giant hornbill, black stork and white stork. Besides, peafowl,red jungle fowls,egrets,

king fishers,wood peckers etc. are also abundantly found.

Sagarmatha National Park (SNP):
SNP, established in 2032 B.S, occupies an area of 1148 sq. kms. in Solukhumbu district of Sagarmatha zone. The park includes the highest peak of the world, Mt.Everest, and several other well-known species such as Lhote, Nuptse, Cho-Oyu, Pumori, Ama Dablam, Thamserku, Kwangde, Kantaiga and Gyachung Kang. The park was added in the list of World Heritage sites in 1979 A.D .(2039 B.S). The Bhote Koshi , the Dudh koshi and the Imza Khola are the main water resources of this area.
In its highly hilly environment, vegetation like Gobre Salla, Thingure Salla, Bhojpatra, Rhododendron etc, are found while wild animals like Himalayan Tahr, Ghoral snow, Musk deer, Snow Leopard , Black bear, Weasel, Marten, Himalayan Mouse hare, Jackal, Langur Monkey, Danfe, Kalij, Himalayan Fowl etc also sighted in the park.

Langtang National Park(LNP):
LNP, established in 2032 B.S, occupying an area of 1,710 sq.km, stretches to Rasuwa, Nuwakot and Sindhupalchowk districts in Bagmati zone and reaches to Nepal-China (Tibet) border to the north of Kathmandu. It lies just 32 km north of Kathmandu. Animals like wild dog, red panda, pika, muntjack , musk deer, Himalayan black bear, tahr, ghoral ,serow, rhesus monkey and common langur are found here. This park also encompasses a monastery called 'Won Po' and 'Gosainkunda' which are the important religious heritages. It is also very popular among the tourists for its trekking route.

Bardiya National Park(BNP):
BNP, established in 2032 B.S, occupying an area of 968 sq.kms, stretches in Bardiya district of Wid-western Development Region and to the east of Karnali
River. About 70% of the park is covered with Saal forest with the mixture of grassland, savanna and riverine forest.
The park provides an excellent habitat for endangered animals rhinoceros, wild elephant, Bengal tiger, Swamp deer, Black Buck, Gharial, Crocodile, gangetic Dolphin etc. Endangered birds include the Bengal florican, lesser florican , saras , crane etc. More than 30 species of mammals , over 200 species of birds, many species of reptiles, amphibians and fishes have been recorded here.

Shey-Phoksundo National Park(SPNP):
SPNP, established in 2040 B.S, occupying an area of 3,555 sq.kms., stretches in Dolpa and Mugu districts of Karnali zone in the Mid-western Development Region of Nepal. It is the largest national park in the country.
The park provides prime habitat for snow leopard, blue sheep, ghoral , serow, himalayan tahr, leopard, wolf , jackal, black bear, Himalayan weasel, Himalayan mouse, yellow-throated marten, langur and rhesus monkeys. The park is equally rich in many species of birds, such as danphe, blood pheasant, cheer pheasant, red and yellow billed cough, raven, jungle crow, snow partridge and many others. Lake Phoksundo lies almost at the centre of this park.

Rara National Park(RNP):
RNP, established in 2032 B.S, occupying an area of 106 sq.kms, is situated in Himali region of Jumla and Humla districts of Karnali zone in north-west Nepal about 371 km. air distance from Kathmandu. Most of the park, including Lake Rara lies in Mugu district. This is the small park in Nepal.
Park elevations range from 1800m to 4048m and contain mainly coniferous forest. Deciduous tree species like Indian horse, chestnut, walnut and poplar are also found. Animals like musk deer, Himalayan black bear, leopard, ghoral, Himalayan tahrand wild boar are found here. Birds like water-fowl, great-crested grebe, black-necked grebe, red-crested pochard, snow cock, chukor partridge, Danphe, Kalij and blood pheasant are seen here.

Khaptad National Park(KNP):
KNP, established in 2040 B.S, occupying an area of 225 sq.kms, stretches in Bajhang , Bajura, Doti and Achham districts fo Seti zone in Far Western Development Region of Nepal. The park consists of forest of conifer, rhododendron, oak, saal along with extensive and graceful grass meadows, nigalo and some medicinal herbs and shrubs. Mammalian fauna inhabiting the park are leopard, wild dog, yellow-throated marten, black bear, wild boar, jackal, musk deer, ghoral, tahr and commong langur. Over 200 avian species like danphe, chukor partridge, kalij, monal, blue magpie, thrushes, Himalayan griffon, bulbul, eagles etc. are enjoying their life here. Some colorful butterflies , moths and other insects are also found here.

The Rivers In Nepal

2009-10-28T06:44:00.000-07:00

Nepal is the second largest country after Brazil in water resources. There are thousands of rivers in the country. Most of the big rivers originate from the Mountain and Middle Hill. The rivers originating from the Mountain such as Arun, Tamakoshi, Kaligandaki, Karnali, and so on, are snow fed rivers.These are perennial rivers.

The flow of water in the river originating from the Middle Hill decreases during winter. The river originating from the Churiya are non-perennial so that dry up in the winter season.There are three most important river systerms in Nepal such as Koshi, Gandaki and Karnali. Koshi is the longest river of Nepal. It has seven tributaries namely Arun, Sunkoshi,Tamakoshi, Likhu , Dudhkoshi, Indrawati and Tamor that drain the eastern region of the country.

Gandaki flows in the central part of the country. Similarly, Karnali flows in the western part of the country. Besides these main rivers, there are many important rivers of second and third order.

Mountains , rivers and occasions form a combined trinity and unity. Rivers do have their origins in mountains as a result of melting of ice. And every river's final home is the sea. Rivers are nature's blessed gift to the earth.

There are many rivers in our country. Among them, Gandaki, Koshi, Marsyandi, Trisuli, Bagmati, Bishunumati, Narayani, Karnali are some of the important ones. Our rivers are all holy. Our Bagmati, Bishnumati, Gandaki, Narayani etc. all are sacred to us.

River feed not only our land and plants but also our mills and factory. That is , river water can be turned into a new power called electricity and this , in turn, helps our trade and industry. In the country like Nepal, it is of great importance. Majority of Nepalese people still has to rely on oil lamps and candles. In this case, such rural people can be highly benefited if electricity is generated. Nepal government should give proper attention to this reality. River must be used for irrigation and generation of electricity. The country has to allo

t sufficient budget for the such purposes. If done so, plenty of crops can be grown and money can be earned by selling electricity in neighbouring countries.

The Himalayas

2009-10-28T01:57:00.000-07:00

Nepal is a Himalayan country. Nepal is known as the land of the Himalayas. The Himalayas extend all over the Northern Nepal and occupy nearly forty percent of the total area of our country.These Himalayas are covered with snow. Legend makes the Himalayas the seat of Shiva and Parvati. Many great rivers of Nepal and India rise in Himalayas. In Sansakrit, Himalayas means the abode of snow. For this reason, they are called Himalayas. Most of the highest peaks of the world reside in Himalayan region. Mt.Everest, the highest peak in the world, lies in the Himalayan region in Nepal. Nepal is also known as the country of Mt.Everest. These peaks attract climbers every year. The high Himalayas contain several big glaciers and lakes. They are devoid of vegetation and human settlement.
There is no human settlement in the higher Himalayas. People live in lower Himalayan regions. These areas are forested and thinly populated. Pine trees and rhododendrons are available in these areas. Rhododendron is the national flower of our country. Life on the Himalayan region i.e on the mountain is difficult. People do have goats , sheep and yak as pets.

The Himalayas are a great obstacle to the development of our country. They cover the large part of the country and these places are not fit for cultivation. These areas are unused and abandoned. Moreover, some part of the Himalayas are inaccessible. There is no transport facility. People even can not travel from one part to another easily. Life is difficult there.

It is Himalayas from which our rivers are originated. The rivers are full of water all the year round. They are useful for irrigation and generation of electricity. Moreover, they also make the climate good. These Himalayan regions are full of beautiful scenes. These scenes attract tourists very well and tourism industry can be flourished. In addition to these, Himalayan regions especially lower Himalayas consist of mines, minerals, wood trees and medicinal herbs like "Silajit". Thus, these Himalayas are useful in many ways.

Nepal is known all over the world as the land of Himalayas. We are proud of being Nepali, - the people of the land of Himalayas.

REALITY ABOUT NEPAL

2009-10-27T05:21:00.000-07:00

Visit Nepal 2011
Official name: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Capital: Kathmandu Area: 147,181 sq km
Population: 29,519,114 (2008 estimate)
Population growth rate: 2.10 percent (2008 estimate)
Projected population in 2050: 53,293,874 (2050 estimate)
Population density: 206 persons per sq km (2008 estimate)

Urban/rural distribution Share urban: 16 percent (2005 estimate)

Share rural: 84 percent (2005 estimate)

Per Capita (GNP) : NRS. 18,825/$246

Per Capita (GDP) : NRS. 18,083/$236
Georaphic Division

1. Himalayan Region : 15% (22077.15 sq km)
2. Hilly Region : 68% (100083.08 sq km)
3. Terai Region : 17% (25020.77 sq km)

Geographic coverage : 885 km.length ( East to West)

: 193 km.width ( North to South)

Highest Point : Mt.Everest (8,848 m)
Lowest Point : Kechana Kawal (60 m)

Longest River : Karnali (507 km)

Biggest River : Saptakoshi (28140 sq.km)

Biggest Lake : Rara(Mahendra)

Longest Glacier : Khumbu Valley (32 km)

Longest Pitch Bridge : Mehuli Bridge(1130.80m)Saptari

Oldest Temple : Swayambhunath

Tallest Temple : Nyathpole Dewal

Maximum Rainfall area: Lumle(kaski)>5000 mm

Minimum Rainfall area: Lho Manthang(Mustang)<25mm

Oldest Idol : Birupachha (Pasupatinath)

Second WATER richest country in the world after Brazi

Electricity capacity : 83 thousands Megawatts

Irrigation capacity : 80 lakhs hector land

Largest cities

Kathmandu
Biratnagar
Pokhara
Birganj

Ethnic groups: Newar, Bihari, Tibetan, Gurung, Magar, Tamang, Thakali, Bhutia, Rai, Limbu, Sherpa
Languages: Nepali (official), English, almost 20 other languages divided into numerous dialects.

Religious affiliations
Hindu 86 percent
Buddhist 8 percent
Muslim 4 percent
Other 2 percent
Health and Education
Life expectancy
Total 60.9 years (2008 estimate)
Female 60.8 years (2008 estimate)

Male 61.1 years (2008 estimate)
Infant mortality rate 62 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate)
Population per physician 4,778 people (2004)
Population per hospital bed 5,000 people (1999)

VISIT NEPAL 2011 - TOURISM YEAR

2009-10-27T00:47:00.000-07:00

NEPAL is a beautiful country. She has high mountains , deep valley, beautiful lakes, thick green forests with variety of birds and animals, water falls and fine flora and fauna. Moreover, there are many ancient temples and historical places with fine work of arts in wood and metal. People from different countaries of the world visit Nepal because of these attractions. Thousands of tourists are attracted towards her natural beauty. Many people from foreign countries visit Nepal to admire her scenic beauty and cultural heritage.

Nepal has many places of interest of tourists. The ancient temples and palaces in Kathmandu valley, many caves and lakes in Pokhara, sanctuaries in Chitawan , Bardia and Koshi Tappu, historical sites in Lumbini and Janakpur are important tourists destinations. Many tourists come to Nepal specifically for trekking and mountain climbing. Some go for rafting in our big rivers and boating in lakes.